?????????

????????? (????????: Drachma) ????????????????????? ??????????

?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????:

???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????? Archaic , Classical , ??????? Hellenistic ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? (????????????????.?? ?????????)? ^[?]

?????????????????? [ ?????? ]

Drachma in the Greek world

????????: obeloi (oboloi) ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????? , ??????? ???????????? Heraion ?????????? Argos ? ???????????: ????????? ^{[n ?]} oboloi ????? ??????????? ???????????

?????????? didrachm ???????????? ?????? Peisistratos , ???????????? ????.??

???????????????????????? Aegina? ?????????????????? ????.??

?????????? tetrobol (???????? 4/6?????????)?

???? Tetradrachm ????????????Olympia ??????????? ??????????????????.??

??????????????????????? ????? III ?????????? ?????????????? ?

???????????????????????????????????? δρ?σσομαι ( drassomai , ???????? "????")? ^{[n ?]} ??????????????????????????????????????????????? "?????????" ? "????"? ^[?]^{[n ?]} ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????.? ?????????????????????????:?????? ?????? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? obol ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ^[?]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????: ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????

???????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????? (Athenian) ? ?????? (Attic) ????????????????.? ??????

??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????

????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?? ??????????????(?????????????? ? ??????? ??.?? ?????????????? ?????????????? ^[?])? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ????.?? ^[?]

?????????????????????????????????? Xenophon ???????????????????????????????????? ^[?] ?? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????? [ ?????? ]

????????????????????????????????? ?.? ????? ? ?.?? ????? ^[??] ????????????????????????????????????????? ^[??]

???????????????????????????
???	????????????????	?????	??????	?????
	Dekadrachm	?? ?????????	?? ?????	Δεκ?δραχμον
	Tetradrachm	? ?????????	??.? ?????	Τετρ?δραχμον
	Didrachm	? ?????????	?.? ?????	Δ?δραχμον
	Drachma	? ?????	?.? ?????	Δραχμ?
	Tetrobol	? ?????	?.?? ?????	Τετρ?βολον
	Triobol (hemidrachm)	? ????? ( ¹⁄ ₂ ?????????)	?.?? ?????	Τρι?βολον ^{[n ?]}(?μ?δραχμον)
	Diobol	? ?????	?.?? ?????	Δι?βολον
	Obol	? ??????????? ( ¹⁄ ₆ ?????????	?.?? ?????	?βολ?? (?βελ??)
	Tritartemorion	? ???????????	?.?? ?????	Τριταρτημ?ριον (τριτημ?ριον)
	Hemiobol	? ??????????? ( ¹⁄ ₂ ?????)	?.?? ?????	?μιωβ?λιον (?μιωβ?λιον) ^{[n ?]}
	Trihemitetartemorion	³⁄ ₂ ???????????	?.?? ?????	Τριημιτεταρτημ?ριον
	Tetartemorion	¹⁄ ₄ ?????	?.?? ?????	Τεταρτημ?ριον (ταρτημ?ριον, ταρτ?μορον)
	Hemitetartemorion	¹⁄ ₂ ???????????	?.?? ?????	?μιτεταρτημ?ριον

???????????????????????? [ ?????? ]

? chalkoi = ? ?????

? oboloi = ? ?????????

?? ????????? = ? ????, ??????? ??? ????????? = ? ???? ^[??]

?? ???? = ? ?????? ^[??]

^[??]

?????????????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????? ??? [ ?????? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ^[??] ?????????????????????????????????? ^{[n ?]}

????????????????????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 1, 2, 5 ???10????? ???????????????????????? ¹⁄ ₄, ¹⁄ ₂, 1 ??? 5????????? ???????????????? ???????? 20?????????? ??????????????????? 4.5 ????? ????????? 90% ????????????????????? 20????????? ?????? 5.8??????

??????????????????????? [ ?????? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????10 ??? 500 ?????????? ?????????????????????? (1, 2, 3 ??? 5 ?????????) ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 5????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 10???????????????

?????????????? ??? [ ?????? ]

???????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????? 50,000,000,000 ??????? 1? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? 1, 5, 10 ??? 20 ????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 50, 100, 500, 1000, 5000, ??? 10,000 ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? 100, 500, ??? 1000 ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? 20,000 ??? 50,000 ??????????

?????????????? ??? [ ?????? ]

?????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????? 1000 ??????? 1? ???????????????????????????????? ??? 30 ????????? = 1 ??????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????

?????????????????? ??? [ ?????? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? 5, 10 ??? 20????? ????????????????????????????? ???????? 50????? 1, 2, 5? ??? 10 ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????? 20????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? 20??????????

??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ^[??]

50 ????? (€0.0015) ^{[n ?]}
1 ????????? (€0.0029) ^{[n ?]}
2 ????????? (€0.0059) ^{[n ?]}
5 ????????? (€0.0147)
10 ????????? (€0.0293)
20 ????????? (€0.0587)
50 ????????? (€0.147)
100 ????????? (€0.293)
500 ????????? (€1.47)

??????? 20 ?????????, ????? ???? ???????????? Othon
??????? 20 ?????????, ????? ???? ???????????? Georgios I
??????? 50 ?????????, ????????? ???????????? Georgios I
5 ????????? (????? ????)
1 ????????? (????? ????)
???? 2 ????????? ??????????????????????????? Phoenix

?????????? [ ?????? ]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 10, 20 ??? 50 ????????? ????????????????????? 100, 500 ??? 1000 ????????? ???????????????????????????? 5000????????? ??????????????, 10,000????????? ?????????????? ??? 200????????? ???????????????

????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ^[??]

100 ????????? (€0.2935)
200 ????????? (€0.5869)
500 ????????? (€1.47)
1000 ????????? (€2.93)
5000 ????????? (€14.67)
10,000 ????????? (€29.35)

5 ????????? (?????????)
5,000,000 ????????? (?????????) ??????????? Axis ????????????????
20 ????????? (?????????)
100 ????????? (????? ????)

100 ????????? (????? ????)

^[??]^[??]

???????????? ??????????? [ ?????? ]

????????????

↑ δρ?σσομαι , drassomai , "grasp"; cf. : ?????????:LSJ , drax , and drachma itself, i.e. "grasp with the hand". ^[?]^[?]
↑ "As much as one can hold in the hand". ^[?]^[?]
↑ The word, whose meaning and translation is still uncertain, is ?????? , do-ka-ma or ???????? , do-ka-ma-i , found on the PY An 1282 and PY Wr 1480 tablets. ^[?]^[?]
↑ Τρι?βολον spelling variant is also attested.
↑ ?μιοβ?λιον spelling variant is also attested.
↑ Greek: λεπτ? ; plural of λεπτ?ν , lepton .
↑ Minted but rarely used. Usually, prices were rounded up to the next multiple of 10 drachmae.
↑ ^?,? ^?,? Not minted but remained legal tender (not in actual use in 2002).

????????

↑ ^?,? ^?,? ^?,? ?????????:LSJ .
↑ ^?,? ^?,? ?????????:LSJ .
↑ (January 1, 1995)" Two Linear B documents from Bronze Age Pylos ". Kadmos 34 (2).
↑ "PY 1282 An (Ciii)" . "PY 1480 Wr (unknown)" , D?MOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo , University of Oslo , https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/5088 .
↑ Raymoure, K.A. "do-ka-ma-i" . Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B . Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 2017-02-25 . Retrieved 2017-11-01 . {{ cite web }}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified ( help ) ; More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified ( help )
↑ Philochorus : Scholion to Aristophanes, Birds 1106
↑ "The Inflation Calculator" . Archived from the original on 8 ???? 2007 . Retrieved 1 ???????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified ( help ) ; More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified ( help )
↑ It was originally set at 1/6 drachma by Pericles, until Cleon raised it in 425 BC; see also Aristophanes , Knights (line 255) and Wasps (line 609, 684, 690, 788?790, 1121).
↑ Cf. footnote 18 of H. G. Dakyns's translation of Ways and Means: A Pamphlet on Revenues alias On Revenues ( The Works of Xenophon , Macmillan, 1897). This footnote is quoting George Grote ( Plato, and the Other Companions of Sokrates , vol. 3, J. Murray, 1865, p. 597 ).
↑ British Museum Catalogue 11 ? Attica Megaris Aegina
↑ Photo gallery of Tetartemoria and other small Greek coins
↑ Aristotle , Athenian Constitution, 10.2
↑ Drachma , The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, 1 May 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York
↑ Luke 15:8?10
↑ "The first modern drachma coins catalog" . Retrieved 2013-06-22 .
↑ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 4 ???????? 2005 . Retrieved 12 ?????? 2005 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help ) CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )
↑ "History of Greek Banknotes" . Greekcurrency.110mb.com. Archived from the original on 2020-03-09 . Retrieved 2013-11-17 . {{ cite web }}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified ( help ) ; More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified ( help )
↑ fileformat.info Entry for (U+10142)
↑ "Political Party Drachma 5 Launched" . greekreporter.com .

?????????????????????????????????: Banknotes of Greece

[3] δρ?σσομαι , drassomai , "grasp"; cf. : ?????????:LSJ , drax , and drachma itself, i.e. "grasp with the hand". ^[?]^[?]

[4] "As much as one can hold in the hand". ^[?]^[?]

[8] The word, whose meaning and translation is still uncertain, is ?????? , do-ka-ma or ???????? , do-ka-ma-i , found on the PY An 1282 and PY Wr 1480 tablets. ^[?]^[?]

[15] Τρι?βολον spelling variant is also attested.

[16] ?μιοβ?λιον spelling variant is also attested.

[21] Greek: λεπτ? ; plural of λεπτ?ν , lepton .

[coin1-23] Minted but rarely used. Usually, prices were rounded up to the next multiple of 10 drachmae.

[coin2-24] ?,? ^?,? Not minted but remained legal tender (not in actual use in 2002).

[LSJdrachme-1] ?,? ^?,? ^?,? ?????????:LSJ .

[LSJdrassomai-2] ?,? ^?,? ?????????:LSJ .

[5] (January 1, 1995)" Two Linear B documents from Bronze Age Pylos ". Kadmos 34 (2).

[6] "PY 1282 An (Ciii)" . "PY 1480 Wr (unknown)" , D?MOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo , University of Oslo , https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/5088 .

[7] Raymoure, K.A. "do-ka-ma-i" . Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B . Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 2017-02-25 . Retrieved 2017-11-01 . {{ cite web }}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified ( help ) ; More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified ( help )

[9] Philochorus : Scholion to Aristophanes, Birds 1106

[10] "The Inflation Calculator" . Archived from the original on 8 ???? 2007 . Retrieved 1 ???????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified ( help ) ; More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified ( help )

[11] It was originally set at 1/6 drachma by Pericles, until Cleon raised it in 425 BC; see also Aristophanes , Knights (line 255) and Wasps (line 609, 684, 690, 788?790, 1121).

[12] Cf. footnote 18 of H. G. Dakyns's translation of Ways and Means: A Pamphlet on Revenues alias On Revenues ( The Works of Xenophon , Macmillan, 1897). This footnote is quoting George Grote ( Plato, and the Other Companions of Sokrates , vol. 3, J. Murray, 1865, p. 597 ).

[13] British Museum Catalogue 11 ? Attica Megaris Aegina

[14] Photo gallery of Tetartemoria and other small Greek coins

[17] Aristotle , Athenian Constitution, 10.2

[18] Drachma , The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V. Published 1909. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Nihil Obstat, 1 May 1909. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York

[19] Luke 15:8?10

[20] "The first modern drachma coins catalog" . Retrieved 2013-06-22 .

[22] "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 4 ???????? 2005 . Retrieved 12 ?????? 2005 . {{ cite web }}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored ( |url-status= suggested) ( help ) CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )

[25] "History of Greek Banknotes" . Greekcurrency.110mb.com. Archived from the original on 2020-03-09 . Retrieved 2013-11-17 . {{ cite web }}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified ( help ) ; More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified ( help )

[26] rmat.info Entry for (U+10142)

[27] "Political Party Drachma 5 Launched" . greekreporter.com .

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