R.U.R. (?????)

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R.U.R.
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????????	1921 ???? 25 ???????
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R.U.R. ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? 1920 ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. "R.U.R." ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ^[1].

^[2] ?????? ???????? ????? 1921 ???? 25 ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? "??????". ^[3] R.U.R. ??????????????? ????? ??????????. ^[4]^[5]^[6]1923 ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????. ^[4]^[7]

????????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? (????????) ????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????. R.U.R. ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? . ^[8]

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???-? WPA ?????????? ??????? ?????, ???-?????, 1939 ?.

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???? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ??????, R.U.R? ?? ????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????: 1920 ???? ???????? ?????? ????, ??????? ??????, ????? ???????????, ???? 1932 ???? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? , ????? ?? ???????????, ??? ??????? ?? ????????.

??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????, ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????????, ????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ????????, ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ???????????? - ?????????? 2000 ???? ^[9] - ???????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ???? ?????????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????, ????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????, ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????????????, ????????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ???? ????????? "??????????????". ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????, ??? ???????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? "????". ???????????, ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????.

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??? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? - ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????, ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????, ???????, ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ???????, ?????? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.

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??????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????????? ???? ?????????? ????????, ????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????. ^[10]

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?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????, ????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?????, ?????? ?? ???? ??????????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ????? ???????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???, ??????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ???????????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.

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Margolius, Ivan (Autumn 2017) "The Robot of Prague" ???????????? 11 September 2017 ?????? Wayback Machine . The Friends of Czech Heritage Newsletter no. 17, pp.3-6

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?R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)“ ? Project Gutenberg -??

R.U.R. (?????) - Internet Broadway Database -??

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↑ Roberts, Adam (2006). The History of Science Fiction . New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, ??. 168 . ISBN 9780333970225 .
↑ Kussi, Peter. Toward the Radical Center: A ?apek Reader . (33).
↑ Asimov, Isaac (September 1979). ?The Vocabulary of Science Fiction“, Asimov's Science Fiction .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Voyen Koreis. Capek's RUR . ????????????? ???????????? ? 23 ????????? 2013. ????????? ??????: 23 July 2013
↑ Tim Madigan. (July?August 2012) RUR or RU Ain't A Person? . Philosophy Now . ????????? ??????: 24 July 2013
↑ Charles T. Rubin. (2011) Machine Morality and Human Responsibility . The New Atlantis . ????????? ??????: 24 July 2013
↑ Ottoman Turkish Translation of R.U.R. ? Library Details tr. ????????????? ???????????? ? 3 ????????? 2014. ????????? ??????: 24 July 2013
↑ Jarka M. Burien, "?apek, Karel" in Gabrielle H. Cody, Evert Sprinchorn (eds.) The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama , Volume One. Columbia University Press, 2007. ISBN 0231144229 , (pp. 224?225).
↑ According to the poster for the play's opening in 1921; see Klima, Ivan (2004) "Introduction" to R.U.R. , Penguin Classics
↑ ?apek, Karel (2001). R.U.R. , translated by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair, Dover Publications, ??. 49.

[1] Roberts, Adam (2006). The History of Science Fiction . New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN, ??. 168 . ISBN 9780333970225 .

[2] Kussi, Peter. Toward the Radical Center: A ?apek Reader . (33).

[AsimovVocab-3] Asimov, Isaac (September 1979). ?The Vocabulary of Science Fiction“, Asimov's Science Fiction .

[VOYENKOREIS-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Voyen Koreis. Capek's RUR . ????????????? ???????????? ? 23 ????????? 2013. ????????? ??????: 23 July 2013

[5] Tim Madigan. (July?August 2012) RUR or RU Ain't A Person? . Philosophy Now . ????????? ??????: 24 July 2013

[6] Charles T. Rubin. (2011) Machine Morality and Human Responsibility . The New Atlantis . ????????? ??????: 24 July 2013

[7] Ottoman Turkish Translation of R.U.R. ? Library Details tr. ????????????? ???????????? ? 3 ????????? 2014. ????????? ??????: 24 July 2013

[JMB-8] Jarka M. Burien, "?apek, Karel" in Gabrielle H. Cody, Evert Sprinchorn (eds.) The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama , Volume One. Columbia University Press, 2007. ISBN 0231144229 , (pp. 224?225).

[9] According to the poster for the play's opening in 1921; see Klima, Ivan (2004) "Introduction" to R.U.R. , Penguin Classics

[10] ?apek, Karel (2001). R.U.R. , translated by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair, Dover Publications, ??. 49.

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