한국   대만   중국   일본 
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?????? ??????? 1887 ????
????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????
????????? ?????? 31 ????????? , 1860
?????? , ?????? , ???
????????????? ?????? 17 ??????? , 1927 (66 ????)
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???????? ?????????

?????? ?????? ??? ( ????. Juliette Gordon Low ; ?. 31 ????????? , 1860 ? ?. 17 ??????? , 1927 ) ? ????-? ?????? ?????????“ ????????????. ?????? ??????? ????????????, ???? ?????-??????? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ????? 1911 ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????.

1912 ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? -? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ??????????????? ??????? ???.

???? ????????? ???, 31 ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????, ?????? ????????????? ???“.

??????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? 1860 ???? 31 ????????? ???????? , ???????? . ??? ??????, ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?? ????. [1] ??? ????? Tison & Gordon -?? ????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? II-?? ?? ???????, ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????. [2]

??????? ?? ????? ???? ???, ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????????. [1] 1864 ????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????, ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????, ??????? ??????. 1865 ???? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????. [3] ????????? ???? ??????, ??? ??????, ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????. [4]

?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????????. 1886 ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????. [5] ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????????. [6]

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????. ????????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? The Malbone Bouquet , ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???. Helpful Hands Club -?? ???????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????. [7] ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????“ ????????, ???? ??????????????? ????. [8]

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ??????????, ??????????, ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????. [9] 12 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????-?????????? ??????. ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????-??????????, ??? ????? ???: ??? ?????? ????? ???-???????, ????????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ????? ?? Mesdemoiselles Charbonniers, ???????? ????? ???-?????? . [10] 1880 ????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???-?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? ?????????? ????????. [11]

?????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1880 ???? ???, ?????? ????????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????. [12] ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ??????, 1884 ???? ???????? ?????????. 1885 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????. [13]

???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, 1886 ???? 21 ?????????. ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? , ????????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????. [14] ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???-????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. [15]

?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? . [16] ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????, ????? ????????? ?????? VII , ?????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???, ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ?????????????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???. ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????. [17]

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1895 ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????????.

1901 ????, ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ?????????-????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????, ???????????. ?????? ???? ?????????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ??? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ????????????? ????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????. [18]

1902 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????????. [19] ????? ?????? 1903 ???? ???? ??????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? 2500 ???? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?????, ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ????? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????????? ?????????. [20]

??? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? 1905 ???? ????????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? 1905 ???? ???????, ????????????? ????????????. [21] ?????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? 1903 ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????. ?????? ???? ????? ???????????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????. [22]

?????? ?????? ??? (???????) ???? ?? ????? ??????????, ???????? ???????????? (????????) ?? ????? ?????? (????????) ?????

Girl Guides [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????. [23] [24] 1911 ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????-?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ?? ????, ???????? ??????? 40000 ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????. [25] ?????? ??? ?? ?????-?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????. [26]

1911 ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? Girl Guides -??, ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?????-??????, [23] ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??. ???????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????? Girl Guides-?? ?????, ??? ???????, ??????, ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????.

??????? ???? ?? ???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? , ???????? . ?????????????? ????.

?????? ???? 1923 ???? ??????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????. [27] 1924 ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????, ?????? 1925 ???? ???????????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. [28]

??????? ?????????? ?????????? , ????? ????? ?????? ????-???? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????, ???? ??? 66-? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????. [29] ?? ???????? ????????? ????????, ???? ?????????? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ???????? ????????, ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???. ?????? ??? ??????????? 1927 ???? 17 ???????, ???????????? ???? ??????. [30] 250-?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ?????, ???????? ?????: ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ???“. [31] ??? ???????? ????? ?????: ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????????“. [32]

???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  • Cordery, Stacy A. (2012). Juliette Gordon Low: The Remarkable Founder of the Girl Scouts . USA: Penguin Group . ISBN 9780143122890 .  
  • Shultz, Gladys Denny; Lawrence, Daisy Gordon (1988) Lady from Savannah: The Life of Juliette Low . New York: Girl Scouts of the USA. ISBN 9780884411475 .  
  • Girl Scouts of the USA. (2015) Juliette Gordon Low Biography . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2015-08-10. ????????? ??????: 2022-02-18.
  • Revzin, Rebekah E. (July 1998). ?American Girlhood in the Early Twentieth Century: The Ideology of Girl Scout Literature, 1913?1930“ . The Library Quarterly . The University of Chicago Press. 68 (3): 261?275. doi : 10.1086/602982 . JSTOR   4309227 . S2CID   141165674 .
  • Rothschild, Mary Aickin (Autumn 1981). ?To Scout or to Guide? The Girl Scout-Boy Scout Controversy, 1912-1941“. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies . University of Nebraska Press. 6 (3): 115?121. doi : 10.2307/3346224 . JSTOR   3346224 .
  • Sims, Anastatia Hodgens; Keena, Katherine Knapp (Fall 2010). ?Juliette Low's Gift: Girl Scouting in Savannah, 1912?1927“. The Georgia Historical Quarterly . 94 (3): 372?387. JSTOR   20788992 .
  • Arneil, Barbara (March 2010). ?Gender, Diversity, and Organizational Change: The Boy Scouts vs. Girl Scouts of America“. Perspectives on Politics . American Political Science Association. 8 (1): 53?68. doi : 10.1017/s1537592709992660 . JSTOR   25698515 .

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cordery 2012 , p. 19.
  2. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , p. 9.
  3. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 35.
  4. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 41.
  5. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , p. 112.
  6. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 60.
  7. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 54.
  8. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 42.
  9. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 52.
  10. ↑ Girl Scouts of the USA 2015 .
  11. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 72.
  12. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 75.
  13. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , pp. 171?172.
  14. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , pp. 180?182.
  15. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 133.
  16. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , pp. 200?201.
  17. ↑ Cordery 2012 , pp. 138?139.
  18. ↑ Cordery 2012 , pp. 162?163.
  19. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 173.
  20. ↑ Cordery 2012 , pp. 175?176.
  21. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 180.
  22. ↑ Cordery 2012 , pp. 181?182.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Rothschild 1981 .
  24. ↑ Revzin 1998 .
  25. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , p. 293.
  26. ↑ Sims & Keena 2010 .
  27. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , p. 360.
  28. ↑ Cordery 2012 , pp. 297, 299.
  29. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 307.
  30. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 308.
  31. ↑ Shultz & Lawrence 1988 , p. 380.
  32. ↑ Cordery 2012 , p. 309.
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