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	; ????????? 2011 ????
????????? ??????	Howard G. Cunningham
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????????? ??????	5 ????????? , 1949 (74 ????) ; ???????-????, ??????? , ???
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???????	1984 -??????

?????? ????????? ( ????. Howard Cunningham ), ?? ???? ????????? ( ????. Ward Cunningham ; ?. 26 ????? , 1949 , ???????-????, ??????? , ??? ) ? ????????? ???????????, Wiki -??????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ???-???? ???????.

??????? 1949 ???? 26 ????? ???????-??????, ???????? ??????. ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????? (???????), ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????. ^[1] ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????????, ????-???????? 1978 ????. ^[2]

????-??????????? ??????? ?????? 1980 -??????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? 1990-???? ?????? ??? ????????. 1995 ???? 25 ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????-?????, ??????????? (?????????? ???????) ????????? ?????? ^[3], ????????? ??????? ??????? ????-????? WikiWikiWeb . ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????, ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????-???? ??????“ ? ????? ????? ????????, ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ?????? ?????“ ???????????? ???????????, ????? wikiwiki ??????? ???????. ^[4]^[5]^[6]

2003 - 2005 ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? Microsoft -??. 2005 ???? ??????????? 2007 ?????? ??? ???? Eclipse Foundation -?? ?????????. 2007 - 2011 ?????? ??? AboutUs -?? ????????? ?????????.

????????? ???? 2001 ???? ?????????? Wiki-??????????? ???????????????, ?The Wiki Way“-?? ??????????.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????“ ???????????? .
The Portland Pattern Repository’s Wiki
Ward’s Wiki signature page
A Laboratory For Teaching Object-Oriented Thinking
ёThe Web’s wizard of working togetherЁ ? ??????? ?The Oregonian“-??

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ Ward's Home Page . ????????? ??????: September 29, 2018.
↑ The Wikipedia Revolution - Andrew Lih, page 46
↑ Portland Pattern Repository . c2.com. ????????? ??????: 24 ??????????, 2020.
↑ mauimapp.com. Hawaiian Words; Hawaiian to English [ archived September 14, 2008; Retrieved September 19, 2008].
↑ Hasan, Heather (2012), Wikipedia, 3.5 million articles and counting , New York : Rosen Central, p. 11 , ISBN 9781448855575 , https://archive.org/details/wikipedia35milli0000hasa/page/11 . ????????? ??????: August 6, 2019
↑ Andrews, Lorrin (1865), A dictionary of the Hawaiian language to which is appended an English-Hawaiian vocabulary and a chronological table of remarkable events , Henry M. Whitney, p. 514 , https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhawa00andrrich/ . ????????? ??????: June 1, 2014

[1] Ward's Home Page . ????????? ??????: September 29, 2018.

[2] The Wikipedia Revolution - Andrew Lih, page 46

[3] Portland Pattern Repository . c2.com. ????????? ??????: 24 ??????????, 2020.

[4] uimapp.com. Hawaiian Words; Hawaiian to English [ archived September 14, 2008; Retrieved September 19, 2008].

[5] Hasan, Heather (2012), Wikipedia, 3.5 million articles and counting , New York : Rosen Central, p. 11 , ISBN 9781448855575 , https://archive.org/details/wikipedia35milli0000hasa/page/11 . ????????? ??????: August 6, 2019

[6] Andrews, Lorrin (1865), A dictionary of the Hawaiian language to which is appended an English-Hawaiian vocabulary and a chronological table of remarkable events , Henry M. Whitney, p. 514 , https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofhawa00andrrich/ . ????????? ??????: June 1, 2014

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