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???-???? ( ????. Hip hop ) ? ?????????? , ??????? ???????????? ??????? 70-???? ?????? ???-?????? ????-????????? ??????????????. ??????, ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] ?????????? ?????, ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???-??? ?????? ???????????, ???-??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????: ??????? ( ????. MCing ), ???????? ( ????. DJing ), ?????????? ( ????. break dancing ) ?? ??????? ( ????. graffiti art ). [1]

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Chang, Jeff; DJ Kool Herc (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation . Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-30143-X .  
  2. Castillo-Garstow, Melissa (March, 2005). ?Latinos in Hip Hop to Reggaeton“. Latin Beat Magazine . 15 (2): 24(4). ????????? ??????? ????????? |date= -?? ( ????????? ); |access-date= ????????? ???????? ??????? |url= ( ????????? )
  3. Rojas, Sal (2007). ?Estados Unidos Latin Lingo“. Zona de Obras . Zaragoza, Spain (47): 68.
  4. Allatson, Paul. Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural and Literary Studies . Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons, 2007, 199.
  5. Schloss, Joseph G. Foundation: B-boys, B-girls and Hip-Hop Culture in New York . New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, 125.
  6. From Mambo to Hip Hop . Dir. Henry Chalfant. Thirteen / WNET, 2006, film