???? ?????? Raul Castro
????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????
????????????? ?????? ???
19 ?????? , 2011  ?  19 ?????? , 2021
??????????	?????? ????? ????-??????
???????-????????	?????? ????? ????-??????
???????????	????? ??????
?????????	????? ????-??????
????? ??????????
????????????? ?????? ???
24 ????????? , 2008  ?  19 ?????? , 2018
????-??????????	???? ????? ?????? ????? ????-??????
???????????	????? ??????
?????????	????? ????-??????
????? ???????-????????
????????????? ?????? ???
24 ????????? , 2008  ?  19 ?????? , 2018
???????????	????? ??????
?????????	????? ????-??????
??????????	3 ?????? , 1931 ( 1931-07-03 ) (92 ????) ?????? , ??????? ????????? , ????
????????	??????
?????????? ??????	????? ??????????? ??????
??????	????? ?????? (1959-2007)
???????	4
????????	????????
???????	???????

???? ??????? ?????? ???? ( ???. Raul Modesto Castro Ruz ; ?. 3 ?????? , 1931 ) ? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? 2008 ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????. 1950-??? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???, ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???-???? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????-??????????, ????????? ?????? ????-??????????, ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????-???????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????? ???????????? 94-? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????-?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????.

2006 ???? 31 ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????.

2008 ???? 24 ????????? , ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????.

2011 ???? 19 ?????? , ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??????????????, 46 ???? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????? ??????:

???? ??????

• Raul Castro Stamps His Mark , Havana Times , 4 March 2009
• Who is Raul Castro, Cuba's new leader? ,  Times Online , 19 February 2008.
• Biography by CIDOB Foundation ???????????? 2014-10-09 ?????? Wayback Machine . (in Spanish)
• Speech by Raul Castro on July 26, 2007 (English translation) ???????????? September 28, 2007 ^{[Date mismatch]} , ?????? Wayback Machine .Category:Webarchive-?? ?????? ????????????? , Escambray Digital , 27 July 2007.
• Cuban Armed Forces Review: Raul Castro ???????????? 2008-12-05 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• "Cuba in transition" ???????????? 2008-03-05 ?????? Wayback Machine . in Starbroek News , 19 April 2007
• "Regime readies path for Raul Castro's rise" by Frances Robles, Miami Herald , 14 July 2006.
• Raul Castro Books ???????????? 2011-09-30 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• BBC Profile: Raul Castro , 24 February 2008
• Time Magazine: Castro Family Values: Fidel vs. Raul ???????????? 2013-08-22 ?????? Wayback Machine . 17 April 2008
• Photographs of Raul Castro, 1964 - Duke University Libraries Digital Collections ???????????? 2009-04-29 ?????? Wayback Machine .

?   ?   ?   ?   ? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????   · ???? ????? ??????   · ????? ?????? ????????   · ??????? ????? ? ???????   · ??????? ??????   · ??????? ????? ? ??????   · ?????? ?????????   · ????? ????   · ?????? ????   · ?????? ?????? ?????????   · ?????? ????????   · ???? ???????? ???????   · ????? ??????? ??????   · ???????? ?????? ???   · ????????? ???????   · ????? ????   · ?????? ???? ????????   · ????????? ???????   · ??????? ??????? ? ????   · ?????? ?????? ??????   · ?????? ?????? ????   · ??????? ???????? ??????   · ????? ??????   · ???? ??????