???? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? .

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??????	10 ????????? 732 [1]
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?????????? 20 000 ? 30 000 ?????? ???? ???????, ?????????? 20 000 ? 80 000
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???????; 1 500 ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????; ?????????? 10 000, ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ???-????????
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??????? ?????? , ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????. ???????? 732 ???? 10 ?????????, ????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????.

??????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??-?????????? ???????-??????????? ????? ?????? ???-???????? .

?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????. ????? ?????? ???-???????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????.

??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????:

	???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? [2] .“

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? (732)“ ???????????? .
• The Battle of Tours 732 ???????????? 2007-02-22 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Tours, Poiters ???????????? 2002-01-28 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Watson, William E., ≪The Battle of Tours-Poitiers Revisited≫ ???????????? 2008-09-21 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Ian Meadows, ≪The Arabs in Occitania≫ ???????????? 2006-12-29 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Poke’s edition of Creasy’s 15 Most Important Battles Ever Fought
• Medieval Sourcebook: Arabs, Franks, and the Battle of Tours, 732: Three Accounts ???????????? 2014-10-11 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Medieval Sourcebook: Anon Arab Chronicler: The Battle of Poitiers, 732 ???????????? 2006-12-07 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• History of Europe: The Battle of Tours ???????????? 2006-05-02 ?????? Wayback Machine .

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