??????? ??????

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	;
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???????	19 ?????? , 2013 ; ?????????? ????????????: 5 ????? – 19 ?????? , 2013
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	13 ????????? , 2012 ? 5 ????? , 2013
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	9 ??????? , 2006 ? 15 ??????? , 2013
???????????	??? ???????? ?????
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??????????	23 ???????? , 1962 (61 ????) ; ???????? , ?????????
?????????? ??????	?????? ??????????? ???????? (2007 ??????) ; ??????? ???????????? ?????? (2007???????)
??????	????? ???????
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?????????

??????? ?????? ?????? ( ???. Nicolas Maduro Moros ; ?. 23 ???????? 1962 , ???????? ) ? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ?????????? . 2006 ?2013 ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ^[1]. 2012 ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????-??????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ^[2]. 2013 ???? 5 ???????? 14 ????????? , ??? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ^[3].

???????????? ????? ?? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????? 1962 ???? ????????? , ??????????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ??-????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????, ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????.

??????? ?????????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????, ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? 1980 ???? ??????, ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ?????. ??, ????? ???? ??????? ???????? 1983 ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. 1990 -??? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????. ?? ?????? 1998 ???? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????.

???????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? 1998 ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? , 1999 ?????????? ???????-???????????? ?????? ?? 2000 ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???. 2005 ?????? 2006 ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

2006 ???? 9 ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ^[4] ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ^[5]

?????????? ????-?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

2012 ???? 13 ????????? , ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????-??????????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????, 2012 ???? 8 ????????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????, ???, ?? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????, ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ?????? 2013 ???? 5 ????? ???????.

???? ????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????, ??????????, ?????? ? ????... ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?? (??????) ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???-????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ??, ??? ?? ?? ????????.
??? ?????? (?????????, 2012) ^[5]

??????????? ?????????? ???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ????????????? ??????, ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ????. ????????? ????-??????????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????, ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? 30 ????? ????????. ^[6]^[7]^[8] ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????. ^[9]????????? ???????? ?? ????????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? 229-?, 231-? ?? 233-? ??????? ????????. ^[10]

??????? ????? ???????????, ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????:

??????????????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ????, ??? ???? ????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ?? ?? ???, ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????, ??????????, ?? ???????? ????????????... ??, ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ^[11]^[12]

?????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

2013 ???? 14 ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? 1.5%-???? ???????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????. . ^[13] ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????, 19 ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ???? ????. ^[14]

?????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? . 2006 ????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ^[15]

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

Ministerio del Poder Popular para Relaciones Exteriores ???????????? 1998-12-07 ?????? Wayback Machine . (?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????) ( ???????? )
Biography by CIDOB ???????????? 2015-04-13 ?????? Wayback Machine . ( ???????? )

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ Nicolas Maduro Nuevo Ministro De Relaciones Exteriores
↑ Hugo Chavez nombra vicepresidente del Gobierno al canciller Nicolas Maduro ( ???????? )
↑ ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????-?????????? ?????? ??????????
↑ Carroll, Rory (2013): Comandante: Inside Hugo Chavez's Venezuela . "Chapter V". Canongate Books.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Shoichet, Catherine E. (9 December 2012). ?Venezuela: As Chavez Battles Cancer, Maduro Waits in the Wings“ . CNN .
↑ Shoichet, Catherine E.; Ford, Dana (5 March 2013). "Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez dies" . CNN .
↑ CBS/AP (6 March 2013). ?Hugo Chavez's handpicked successor at helm in Venezuela, for time being“ . CBS News . ????????????? ???????????? ? 7 ????? 2013 . ????????? ??????: 24 ?????? 2013 .
↑ "Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" .
↑ "Venezuela's foreign minister says VP Maduro is interim president" . Fox News. 5 March 2013.
↑ Constitucion de la Republica de Venezuela Spanish.
↑ admin. (8 March 2013) Maduro convoca a elecciones inmediatas ? Pim pom papas noticias . Noticias.pimpompapas.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 11 ?????? 2013. ????????? ??????: 10 March 2013.
↑ VTV. (8 March 2013) Presidente Maduro: Asumo esta banda de Chavez para cumplir el juramento de continuar la Revolucion (+Fotos+Video) ? Venezolana de Television Spanish. Vtv.gob.ve. ????????????? ???????????? ? 17 ??????? 2016. ????????? ??????: 10 March 2013.
↑ Shoichet, Catherine (15 April 2013). ?Chavez's Political Heir Declared Winner; Opponent Demands Recount“ . CNN . ????????? ??????: 15 April 2013 .
↑ Kroth, Olivia (18 April 2013). "Delegations from 15 countries to assist Maduro's inauguration in Venezuela" . Pravda.ru. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
↑ Cawthorne, Andrew; Naranjo, Mario (9 December 2012). ?Who is Nicolas Maduro, Possible Successor to Hugo Chavez?“ . The Christian Science Monitor . ????????? ??????: 10 December 2012 .

[1] Nicolas Maduro Nuevo Ministro De Relaciones Exteriores

[2] Hugo Chavez nombra vicepresidente del Gobierno al canciller Nicolas Maduro ( ???????? )

[3] ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????-?????????? ?????? ??????????

[4] Carroll, Rory (2013): Comandante: Inside Hugo Chavez's Venezuela . "Chapter V". Canongate Books.

[cnn-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Shoichet, Catherine E. (9 December 2012). ?Venezuela: As Chavez Battles Cancer, Maduro Waits in the Wings“ . CNN .

[6] Shoichet, Catherine E.; Ford, Dana (5 March 2013). "Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez dies" . CNN .

[7] CBS/AP (6 March 2013). ?Hugo Chavez's handpicked successor at helm in Venezuela, for time being“ . CBS News . ????????????? ???????????? ? 7 ????? 2013 . ????????? ??????: 24 ?????? 2013 .

[8] "Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" .

[9] "Venezuela's foreign minister says VP Maduro is interim president" . Fox News. 5 March 2013.

[10] Constitucion de la Republica de Venezuela Spanish.

[11] . (8 March 2013) Maduro convoca a elecciones inmediatas ? Pim pom papas noticias . Noticias.pimpompapas.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 11 ?????? 2013. ????????? ??????: 10 March 2013.

[12] VTV. (8 March 2013) Presidente Maduro: Asumo esta banda de Chavez para cumplir el juramento de continuar la Revolucion (+Fotos+Video) ? Venezolana de Television Spanish. Vtv.gob.ve. ????????????? ???????????? ? 17 ??????? 2016. ????????? ??????: 10 March 2013.

[13] Shoichet, Catherine (15 April 2013). ?Chavez's Political Heir Declared Winner; Opponent Demands Recount“ . CNN . ????????? ??????: 15 April 2013 .

[14] Kroth, Olivia (18 April 2013). "Delegations from 15 countries to assist Maduro's inauguration in Venezuela" . Pravda.ru. Retrieved 18 April 2013.

[csm-15] Cawthorne, Andrew; Naranjo, Mario (9 December 2012). ?Who is Nicolas Maduro, Possible Successor to Hugo Chavez?“ . The Christian Science Monitor . ????????? ??????: 10 December 2012 .

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