??????? ?? ??? ? ???????????? ????????? ??????? , ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ??????? ???????, ????????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????.

??? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????. ??????? ?? ?????????????? ????????????? , ??????? , ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????. ??????????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????, ????? ???????. ???? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????, ??? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????.

???????? , ???????? ?? ????“ ???????? U+262D. ( ☭ )

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ??????? ??????? ???????????? , ?. 7, ??. , 1984. ? ??. 307.
• ( ????????? ) David Lempert: Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy , Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.

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