?? ?????? ???????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? .

????
Quercus robur
?????????? ????????????
??????:  ?????????? ???????????:  ??????????????? ?????:  ??????????? ????:  ???????????? ?????:  ??????????? ?????:  ????
???????? ??????
Quercus
??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ITIS    19276 NCBI    3511 EOL    32233 IPNI     13507-1 FW    54594

???? (Quercus) ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????. 450-?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????, ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????; ????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? . ?????????? ? 18-??? ????????, ???????????? ???????????? 7 ??????? ?????????????? ????????????? ( ????????? ???? , ????? ???? , ??????? ???? ) ?? ????????????? ?? ??????????????????? ( ???????? ???? , ??????? ???? , ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? , ??????? ???? ) ??????? ??????.

?????????? ?? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ????????. ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? (Quercus macranthera) ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? . ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????. ??? 20?28 ????? ???????? ???. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????, ??????????, ??????? ???? ??????, ???????? ????????????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??????? 1700?2400 ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???????????. ???????? 450 ??????. ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????????????. ??????????? ????????????, ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????. ??????? ???? (Quercus dschorochensis) ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????, ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? 1000 ????????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????. ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? 1200 ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???? . ????? ???? (Quercus pedunculiflora, Quercus longipes) 30 ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???. ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? 1100 ???? ??????????. ??????? ??????? , ??????? , ????? , ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????????, ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ???????, 80?100 ????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????????. ???????? 800 ????? ???? (????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????).

????????? ?? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????????. ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????????. ???????? ????????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????. ???????? ???????? ( ?????? ???? ) ????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ????????? ????? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? (???: ?????????? ???? ? Quercus castaneifolia) ????????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????.

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? . ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? . ???????? ??????? 600-??? ???????: ^[1]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ??????? ?. , ??????? ??????? ???????????? , ?. 7, ??. , 1984. ? ??. 228.
• ??????????? ?????, ?. 2, ??., 1973
• Дендрофлора Кавказа, т. 2, Тб., 1971;
• Деревья и кустарники СССР, т. 2, М.?Л., 1951
• Byfield, Liz (1990) An oak tree , Collins book bus, London : Collins Educational, ISBN 0-00-313526-8
• Philips, Roger. Trees of North America and Europe, Random House, Inc., New York ISBN 0-394-50259-0 , 1979.
• Logan, William B. (2005) Oak : the frame of civilization , New York ; London : W.W. Norton, ISBN 0-393-04773-3
• Paterson, R.T. (1993) Use of trees by livestock , 5 : Quercus , Chatham : Natural Resources Institute, ISBN 0-85954-365-X
• Royston, Angela (2000) Life cycle of an oak tree , Heinemann first library, Oxford : Heinemann Library, ISBN 0-431-08391-6
• Savage, Stephen (1994) Oak tree , Observing nature series, Hove : Wayland, ISBN 0-7502-1196-2
• Tansley, Arthur G., Sir (1952) Oaks and oak woods , Field study books, London : Methuen.
• ?ukow-Karczewski, Marek (1988) D?b ? krol polskich drzew (Oak ? the king of the Polish trees), AURA (A Monthly for the protection and shaping of human environment), 9, 20-21.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????? ??????:

????

• Flora of China ? Cyclobalanopsis
• Oak diseases
• Flora Europaea: Quercus
• Oaks from Bialowieza Forest ???????????? 2008-05-06 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Common Oaks of Florida
• Oaks of the world
• The Global Trees Campaign ???????????? 2012-06-06 ?????? Wayback Machine . The Red List of Oaks and Global Survey of Threatened Quercus
• Latvia - the land of oaks ???????????? 2017-12-28 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Janka Hardness Scale ???????????? 2016-09-25 ?????? Wayback Machine . ? The Janka Hardness Scale for many Exotic and Domestic species
• Eichhorn, Markus. (May 2010) Oak ? A Very English Tree . Test Tube . Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham .

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