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?? 1,660539040(20)×10 ?27
???? ??/ c 2 931,494095(11)
' m e 1822,88839

????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????????: ?. ?. ?. , u ) ????? ??????? (????????: ?? , Da ) ? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ( ??????? ???? ). ???? ????? ??????? ???????, ??????????, ???? ???????? (???? ??????? ?? ???????? ) ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? 1 ?/???? -?. [1] ??? ?????????????, ?????? ?????????-12-?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? [2] .

1 ?.?.?. = = ? 1,660538921(73) · 10 ?27 ?? [3] .

?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????, ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????, ????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??-?? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ???? ????????. [2]

?. ?. ?. ???????????????“ ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ???????????. ??? 1961 ???? ?????????, ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??. ?. ?.“-?, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????????, ?????? u (?. ?. ???????????? ?????????-12-??). ????????? ?????? ????????? - ?????? ?? ???? ??????????! ??????????? {{subst:???????}} ! ?? ????????????, ???????????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????“ ?? ??. ?. ?.“, ????????, ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???????????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? (?????????-12 ???????-16-?? ??????????), ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????. ?????, ?????? ????????, ??? ???????? (?? ?????????) ????, ??????????, ????? (?? ??? ?????) 1 u-??.

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ?? ???????? m e ????????.

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? 1961 ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ???????????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? 1/16 ?????? ?? ???? ??? 1,66022 × 10 ?24 ?-??. [4] ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (?????? ?????? ?????? 16-??) ????? 1/16 ??????. ???????? ?. ?. ?. ?????? 1,65976 × ?24 ?-?. [4] ??????? ?. ?. ?. 1,000275-??? ????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? 3 ?????? ??????? 16 O-?, 17 O-?? ?? 18 O-?. 1961 ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?????????????, ?????? 12 ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? 1/12 ?????? ?? ????? 1,66043 (±0,00031) × 10 ?24 ?-?. ????????????? ?. ?. ?. ????? 1,0003179 ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????. [4]

????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? u ????????????? ????????????:

???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????????????? ????????????, ??????????? ???? ?? ???????, ????????“ ?????????? ????????????? ????, ????? ???? ???????, Da ???????? ????????????. ?????? ????????“ ????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????“:

  • 1993 ????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??????. [5]
  • 2003 ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????? ? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? “ ??????? ? ???????? “ ??????????? ?????????????, ??????????, ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????. [6]
  • 2005 ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????. [7]
  • 2006 ????, ??-?? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ?????? ? ??? ??-?? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ??-?? ????????????????? ???? ????? ????????: ????????? ????????????? ??-???? ????? ?????????????? “. [2] ??????????, ?????, ?????????, ??? ? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????????????... “
  • 2009 ????, ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ISO 80000-?? ??????????? ??????, ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????, ??? ?? ??? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ISO 80000-1:2009-?? (???????) ??????? ??????????, ?????? ? ???? ???????, ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??????? u ???????? “, [8] ?????? ISO 80000-10:2009-?? (??????? ?? ???????? ??????) ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????. [9]
  • ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? 2010 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????: ? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? (??) ????? ?? ????????????... ??????? (Da) ?? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??-?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? “. [10] ????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???-???????????????“ ???????? ????????????? ?????, ??? ? ??????? (Da) ????? ????????, ???????, ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????????... u-? ??????? Da-?? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????... ?????? ??????? ???????“, ???????????? ??. ?. ?.“, ??????????? ???????? “. [11]
  • 2012 ????, ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????????? ????, ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ?????? 0,001/N A ??, ??? ??????? ??? ??????? 12 C-???. ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????????, ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????“ ????????. [12]

??????? ??-???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??-?? ???????? ????????, ????? ???????????? ??????? ???? 1971 ????, ?????? ??????????:

  1. ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? 0,012 ???????? ?????????-12-??; ???? ???????? ?????“.
  2. ????? ?????????????, ?????????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????, ????????, ????????, ?????? ???????, ??????????, ??????, ???????????, ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????.

????? ????????????, ?????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ?????????? N A ?? L -?? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? 6,022140857(74) 23 ???? -1 -? (??????? ??? ?????). [13]

?????????, ??? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????-12-?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????, ??? ???????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? 12 u-? ????????. ??????????? ??????, ??? 0,012 ?? ?????????-12-?? ?????????-12-?? N A ??????, ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????

N A (12 u) = 0,012 ??/????, ??
N A u = 0,001 ??/????

??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????, ?????, ?????? ?????????? ????? 64 000 ?·???? ?1 -? ????????, ??????? 64 ??????????? ????. [1]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg; John L. Tymoczko; Lubert (2007). ?2“, Biochemistry , 6. ed., 3. print., New York: Freeman, ??. 35 . ISBN 978-0-7167-8724-2 .  
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 ?????:SIbrochure8th
  3. ↑ Unified Atomic mass unit. Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 ???, ?. 6, ??. 482
  5. ↑ Mills, Ian; Cvita?, Tomislav; Homann, Klaus; Kallay, Nikola; Kuchitsu, Kozo (1993n). Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; Physical Chemistry Division , 2nd, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and published for them by Blackwell Science Ltd.  
  6. ↑ Consultative Committee for Units (CCU); Report of the 15th meeting (17?18 April 2003) to the International Committee for Weights and Measures . ????????????? ???????????? ? 7 ?????? 2011. ????????? ??????: 14 Aug 2010.
  7. ↑ IU14. IUPAC Interdivisional Committee on Nomenclature and Symbols (ICTNS) . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2011-06-14. ????????? ??????: 2010-08-14.
  8. ↑ International Standard ISO 80000-1:2009 ? Quantities and Units ? Part 1: General , International Organization for Standardization, 2009
  9. ↑ International Standard ISO 80000-10:2009 ? Quantities and units ? Part 10: Atomic and nuclear physics , International Organization for Standardization, 2009
  10. ↑ Instructions to Authors . AoB Plants . Oxford journals; Oxford University Press. ????????? ??????: 2010-08-22.
  11. ↑ ?Author guidelines“ . Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry . Wiley-Blackwell. 2010 . ????????? ??????: 2011-05-08 .
  12. ↑ Leonard, B P (2012). ?Why the dalton should be redefined exactly in terms of the kilogram“ . Metrologia . 49 : 487?491. Bibcode : 2012Metro..49..487L . doi : 10.1088/0026-1394/49/4/487 .
  13. ↑ ?????:CODATA2006
  14. ↑ Opitz CA, Kulke M, Leake MC, Neagoe C, Hinssen H, Hajjar RJ, Linke WA (October 2003). ?Damped elastic recoil of the titin spring in myofibrils of human myocardium“ . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 100 (22): 12688?93. Bibcode : 2003PNAS..10012688O . doi : 10.1073/pnas.2133733100 . PMC   240679 . PMID   14563922 . CS1-?? ??????????: ??????? ??????: ????????? ??? ( link )
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