???? ??????? ??????
(?.
18 ?????????
,
1848
? ?. .
17 ???????
,
1933
) ? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????. ??? ????????
?????????? ???????????
?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ???????
???-?????
????? ????????.
?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? - "?????? ?? ???????"-? ????????????? ?????. ???????? ??? - ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ???????? ???????, ?? ????????? ???????? ??????????,???? ???????, ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??????? (???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.)
??????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????????, ?????? 1875 ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????. 1878 ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????. 1979 ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? "???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????????." ??????? ????????? ?? ????????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????.
1881 ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? 1882 ????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????????
???? ???????
??????, ???? ?????? ??? ???-??? ?????????? ????.
??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ????????-??????? ??????? ??????, 1885 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? "??????? ????? ????????" ??????? 1885 ???? 1 ????????? ?? 1902 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? "?????? ??????".
???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ??? (????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????). ??? ???????? ???????? ???????, ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????. 1905 ???? ???? ????????? ?????? "?????? ?????????????? ?????????" ??????????, ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (??????? ????????). ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????: ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? 1870-??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????-????????????.
1893 ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? "??????????? ????? ????????". ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????: "??????? ????? ????????". ????? ???? ???, ????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????????, 1898 ???? ???????.
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? (1850-1884) 15 ????? 1872 ???? ??????? ????????????. ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????: ???? ??????? ?????? (1873?1963), ????? ???? ?????? I (1874?1874), ????? ???? ?????? II (1878?1947), ????? ????? ?????? (1879?1908).
????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? (1851?1904) 1886 ???? 9 ????????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????: ???? ??????? ?????? (1873?1963), ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (1887?1973), ??? ?????? ?????? (1888?1892), ?????? ?????? ?????? (1891?1979).
??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ?? ???????????. ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? (??????? ??????) ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??????, ??????????).????-????
?????? ??????????? 17 ??????? 1933 ????. ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????, ??? ??????.