??? ??? ???????

????? ??? ??? ??????? ( ????. Leo von Caprivi ;?. 24 ????????? , 1831 ― ?. 6 ????????? , 1899 ) ? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ???????-?????? , ????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? 1890 - 1894 ??????.

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Rohl, John C. G. (1967). Germany Without Bismarck: The Crisis of Government in the Second Reich, 1890-1900. . University of California Press. pp 56?117
Sempell, Charlotte. "The Constitutional and Political Problems of the Second Chancellor, Leo Von Caprivi," Journal of Modern History, (September 1953) 25#3 pp 234?254, in JSTOR
Sontag, Raymond James. Germany and England: Background of Conflict, 1848?1894 (1938) ch 9