????? ?????????
Johan Laidoner
????????? ??????	12 ????????? , 1884 [1]
????????? ??????	?????????? ????, ????????? ???????, ???????
????????????? ??????	13 ????? , 1953 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
????????????? ??????	????????? , ????? ????
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??????	????-?????????? ( ??????? ??????? ) ???????? ( ???????? )
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????????/?????	??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????????????
????????	????? ??????? ?????? , Order of L??pl?sis , Order of the Three Stars, 1st Class , ?????? ???? ??-2 ???????? ?????? , ?????? ???? ??-3 ???????? ?????? , ?????? ???? ??-4 ???????? ?????? , ?????? ??????????? ??-2 ???????? ?????? , ?????? ?????????? ??-4 ???????? ?????? , ?????? ??????????? ??-3 ???????? ?????? , ????? ????? ?????????????? , Order of the White Star, Special Sash [7] , ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? , Order of Saint Vladimir 4th class with swords and bow , Order of St. Anna 2nd class with swords , Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class with swords , Cross of Liberty , Royal Order of the Sword , Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta , Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari , Order of the Cross of the Eagle , Order of the Estonian Red Cross , ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? , Order of Vytautas the Great , Order of the White Rose of Finland ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
???????????? ?????????	1920

????? ????????? ( ???. Johan Laidoner ; ?. 12 ????????? [ ??. ??. 31 ???????] , 1884 , ????????? ???????, ??????? , ??????? ??????? ? ?. 13 ????? 1953 , ????????? , ????? , ???? ) ? ??????? ?????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ????????????? .

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????? ??????? ( ???. Raba ) ????????? ????? ( ????. Wieratz ) ???????? ????????? , ??????? ???????. ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????, ?? ??????????? 1991 ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? , ????????? ???? (??????????? ????????-??????? ??????????? ??-4 ?????????). ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? (1854?1911) ?? ???? ????????? (1851?1938)(?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????) - ??????.

1901 ?1902 ?????? ???????? ???????? , ??????? 110-? ????? ???????? . 1905 ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? . ???????? ??????? 13-? ???????? ?????? ????????? . ????? ????????: ?????????? (1908 ???? 9 ????????), ?????-???????? (1912 ???? 9 ????????). 1912 ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? . ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????.

??????? ??????? ???? ????????. ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? (1915 ???? 4 ??????). 21-? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????, ????-?????????? (1916 ???? 15 ????????). ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ?????????????? ???????????. ????????? ??????? ???. ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???? , ?????????? (1918 ???? 4 ??????).

??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????. ???????-?????? (1919 ???? 20 ???????), ???????-?????????? (1920 ???? 26 ?????). 1920 ???? ???????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ??????-?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????.

1925 ?????? ???????? ??????.

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1911 ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? (?. 1888 ). 1940 ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????-?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????; ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????????, 1978 ???? ?????????? ???????????. ^[8]

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• Laidoner, Johan biography (Estonica) ???????????? 2012-03-14 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Encyclopædia Britannica

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