?????????? ? ????? , ????????? ???????? ????????? (27,6 ???). ????????? ??????? ??????????? 500 ??., ??????????? 400 ??., ???-?? 200 ??., ?????????? 200 ??.. ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ????-??????????? ????. ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????.

• ???????? : ?????????? - Espanoles.
• ?????? ????????? : 29,0 ???.
• ??? : ???????? .
• ??????????? : ????????? ?????????? .

????????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ?? ???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? (????????????, ?????????????, ????????????, ???????????), ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? (???????) ?? ???? ????????-???????????? (???????????).

????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? (???????????, ???????????, ???????????, ?????????????, ????????????), ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????????? ( ????????? , ??????? , ??????? ).

??????????? ???????? ???????

• ?????????????
• ???????????
• ???????????
• ???????????
• ???????
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????
• ???????????
• ????????????
• ????????????

????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????: ???????? ( castellano ?? espanol )- 74%; ?????????? ( catala )- 17%; ????????? ( galego )- 7% ?? ??????? ( euskara ). ^[1] ???? ???? ????? ??????: ????????? ( asturianu ), ???????? ( aranes ), ????????? ( aragones ) ?? ?????????. ???????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????. ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????, ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????.

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• Castro, Americo. Willard F. King and Selma Margaretten, trans. The Spaniards: An Introduction to Their History . Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1980. ISBN 0-520-04177-1 .
• Chapman, Robert. Emerging Complexity: The Later Pre-History of South-East Spain, Iberia, and the West Mediterranean . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-521-23207-4 .
• Goodwin, Godfrey. Islamic Spain . San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1990. ISBN 0-87701-692-5 .
• Harrison, Richard. Spain at the Dawn of History: Iberians, Phoenicians, and Greeks . New York: Thames & Hudson, 1988. ISBN 0-500-02111-2 .
• James, Edward (ed.). Visigothic Spain: New Approaches . Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. ISBN 0-19-822543-1 .
• Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440?1870 . London: Picador, 1997. ISBN 0-330-35437-X .

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]