????? ???

????? ???
	????. Ernst Karl Abbe
???. ??????	23 ??????? , 1840
???. ??????	???????? , ????????-??????-???????? , ????????? ???????
????. ??????	14 ??????? , 1905 (64 ????)
????. ??????	???? , ????????-??????-???????? , ????????? ???????
??????????????	Nordfriedhof
???????????	????????-??????-????????
??????????	???????? , ????????? , ????????????? ????????? , lens designer ?? ????????????
???????? ??????	????? ????????????
????-??????	?????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????????????
????????? ???????????	?????? ?????
?????????? ???????	?????????? ???????
??????	Elisabeth Abbe
????????	???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????
	????? ??? ????????????

???? ?????????????????? ?????? ??? .

????? ??? ( ????. Ernst Karl Abbe ; ?. 23 ??????? , 1840 , ???????? ? ?. 14 ??????? , 1905 , ???? ) ? ????????? ???????-????????, ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????. 1870-???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????, 1877-90 ????? ????????????? ?????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? 1863 ???????? ?. ?????? ??????? ?????????????. ???? ??????????? ?????? ( 1872 ) ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????. 1870 ???????? ?. ?. ????????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????.

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ???? ?????? ????????:

???????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? .

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??????? ???????????? , ?. 1, ??. , 1975. ? ??. 24.

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bibliotheque nationale de France BnF authorities : ????????? ??? ?????????? ? 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a>
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Аббе Эрнст // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? Москва : Советская энциклопедия , 1969. ? Т. 1 : А ? Ангоб. ? С. 14.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q649 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737 "></a>
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 MacTutor History of Mathematics archive ? 1994.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q547473 "></a>
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Ernst Abbe
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741 "></a>
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 RKDartists
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17299517 "></a>
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 SNAC ? 2010.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q29861311 "></a>
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ?????????? ????????????
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227 "></a>
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Gran Enciclopedia Catalana ? Grup Enciclopedia , 1968.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18696256 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2664168 "></a>
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Proleksis enciklopedija , Op?a i nacionalna enciklopedija ? 2009.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3407324 "></a>
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Brozovi? D. , Ladan T. Hrvatska enciklopedija ? LZMK , 1999. ? 9272 ???. ? ISBN 978-953-6036-31-8
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1264934 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q429032 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18446 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1789619 "></a>
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Record #118646419 // ????????????? ?????????? ????? ? 2012?2016.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q27302 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q36578 "></a>

?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? . ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? .

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q36524_citetype_Q7094076_citetype_Q27031827_citetype_Q595971"_data-entity-id="Q19938912"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:საფრანგეთის_ეროვნული_ბიბლიოთეკა|Bibliothèque_nationale_de_France]]</i>_[http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123054337_BnF_authorities]:_პლატფორმა_ღია_მონაცემები<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2011.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563"></a></div>-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bibliotheque nationale de France BnF authorities : ????????? ??? ?????????? ? 2011.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q19938912 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q54837 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q193563 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q3331189"_data-entity-id="Q17378135">Аббе_Эрнст_//_[[:ru:Большая_советская_энциклопедия_(третье_издание)|Большая_советская_энциклопедия]]:_[в_30_т.]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_/_под_ред._[[:ალექსანდრე_პროხოროვი|А.&nbsp;М.&nbsp;Прохоров]]_—_3-е_изд._—_[[:მოსკოვი|Москва]]:_[[:ru:Большая_российская_энциклопедия_(издательство)|Советская_энциклопедия]],_1969._—_Т.&nbsp;1_:_А_—_Ангоб._—_С.&nbsp;14.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q649"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737"></a></div>-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Аббе Эрнст // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / под ред. А. М. Прохоров ? 3-е изд. ? Москва : Советская энциклопедия , 1969. ? Т. 1 : А ? Ангоб. ? С. 14.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17378135 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q649 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5061737 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q35127"_data-entity-id="Q547473">MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_1994.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q547473"></a></div>-3] 3.0 ^3.1 MacTutor History of Mathematics archive ? 1994.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q547473 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q615699"_data-entity-id="Q5375741">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernst-Abbe_Ernst_Abbe]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741"></a></div>-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Ernst Abbe
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q5375741 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q36570165"_data-entity-id="Q17299517">RKDartists<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17299517"></a></div>-5] 5.0 ^5.1 RKDartists
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q17299517 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q8513_citetype_Q35127_citetype_Q36524_citetype_Q194166"_data-entity-id="Q29861311">SNAC<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2010.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q29861311"></a></div>-6] 6.0 ^6.1 SNAC ? 2010.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q29861311 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q13136"_data-entity-id="Q237227">[[:de:s:Brockhaus_Enzyklopädie|ბროკჰაუზის_ენციკლოპედია]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links"></span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227"></a></div>-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ?????????? ????????????
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q237227 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q47461344"_data-entity-id="Q2664168">[http://www.enciclopedia.cat/enciclop%C3%A8dies/gran-enciclop%C3%A8dia-catalana/EC-GEC-0000089.xml_Gran_Enciclopèdia_Catalana]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_[[:ca:Grup_Enciclopèdia|Grup_Enciclopèdia]],_1968.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18696256"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2664168"></a></div>-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Gran Enciclopedia Catalana ? Grup Enciclopedia , 1968.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18696256 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q2664168 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q615699"_data-entity-id="Q3407324">[[:hr:Opća_i_nacionalna_enciklopedija|Proleksis_enciklopedija]],_[[:hr:Opća_i_nacionalna_enciklopedija|Opća_i_nacionalna_enciklopedija]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2009.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3407324"></a></div>-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Proleksis enciklopedija , Op?a i nacionalna enciklopedija ? 2009.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q3407324 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q47461344"_data-entity-id="Q1789619"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:hr:Dalibor_Brozović|Brozović&nbsp;D.]],_[[:hr:Tomislav_Ladan|Ladan&nbsp;T.]]</i>_[[:ხორვატული_ენციკლოპედია|Hrvatska_enciklopedija]]<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_[[:hr:Leksikografski_zavod_Miroslav_Krleža|LZMK]],_1999._—_9272&nbsp;გვრ._—_ISBN_978-953-6036-31-8</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1264934"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q429032"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18446"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1789619"></a></div>-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Brozovi? D. , Ladan T. Hrvatska enciklopedija ? LZMK , 1999. ? 9272 ???. ? ISBN 978-953-6036-31-8
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1264934 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q429032 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q18446 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1789619 "></a>

[<span_class="wikidata_cite_citetype_Q36524_citetype_Q17152639_citetype_Q1172284"_data-entity-id="Q36578"><i_class="wef_low_priority_links">[[:გერმანიის_ეროვნული_ბიბლიოთეკა|Deutsche_Nationalbibliothek]]</i>_[http://d-nb.info/gnd/118646419/_Record_#118646419]_//_ინტეგრირებული_ნორმატიული_ფაილი<span_class="wef_low_priority_links">_—_2012—2016.</span></span><div_style="display:none"><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q27302"></a><a_href="https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q36578"></a></div>-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Record #118646419 // ????????????? ?????????? ????? ? 2012?2016.
<a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q27302 "></a><a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q36578 "></a>

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