???????? ????????????

???????? ???????????? ( ???? . ????? ????,)? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????????. ?????????? ????????? ????????? . ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ???????????? ??????? 1923 ???? ?????????? ?????? (??????? 1903 ????) ?? ????????? ?????????? (??????? 1913 ????)???????????? ??????????. 1958 ?????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. 2011 ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???-???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? ???????????? .

???????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????. ???-???? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ??????????. ^[2]

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1901 ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ??????? 1903 ????. ?? ????????????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????????. ???????? ????????????? ?????? ?????.

1913 ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ???, ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? 1914 ????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????. ??????, ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ????????? ????? ???????? ????????.

???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? 1919 ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????- ????????? ?????.

1946 ?????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????.

1958 ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????. "?????? ?????????????" ?????? " ???????? ????????????".????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? " ?????? ????????????". ^[3]

1959 ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ????? 1972 ????. ^[4]^[5]

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? 4-??? 6 ???????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????. ???????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????, ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????, ????????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ^[6] ????? ??????? ????????? - ?????????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? - ?? ??????? ????????? ???????.

??????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????????: ??????? 1903 ????.
????????????: ??????? 1903 ????.
???????????? : ??????? 1921 ????.
???????????? ????????????: ??????? 1994 ????.
?????????? ?????????: ??????? 1961 ????.
?????????????????? ?? ??????????????: ??????? 1963 ????.
?????????: ??????? 1956 ????.
????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????: ??????? 1928 ????.
?????????: ??????? 1946 ????.
?????? ?????????: ??????? 1963 ????.
???????? ??????????????: ??????? 1954 ????.
???????????: ??????? 1960 ????.
????????????
??????? ?????????:??????? 1960 ????.
???????????: ??????? 1979 ????.
??????????????: ??????? 1913 ????.
???????

???????? ????????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????????
??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????
????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????
?????? ???????? ?????????
?????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????

???????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????, ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????.

????????????? ???

????????? ??????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ???????????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????????: ??????? ??????????????: ???????? ?????????????? - ?????????? - ??????????????? ??????????.
??????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????: (???? ??????? ?????? "?????????? ?????????", ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????: ?????????? - ????????? ??????? - ??????? ?????. ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????.)
????????? ????????? ?????????
????????????? ????????? ?????????
????????? ????????? ?????????
???????????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????
??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????
?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????

2012 ???? 13 ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????- ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ^[7]

??? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????:

????????? ??????
?????????? ?? ???????????
????? ?? ????????? ?????????
????????? ???

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? 1903 ???? (?????????? ?????? ?????????) ^[8]. 2011 ???? ???????????, ???????????? ??????? 169,000 ???? ?? 3,830 ???????? ??????????. ^[9]

????????????? ?????????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ??????? ??? ????????????:

??-?????? ????????????? ???????????
?? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????
????-???????????? ?????????????? ???????????
??????????????? ?????????????? ???????????
?????????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????
??????? ?????????????? ???????????
?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????
????? ???? ?? ???-????? ????????? ???????????
???????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????
?????? ????????? (????? ???????)

???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????.

????? ????, ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????, ?????????? ????????????? ????????????.

?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????: "?????? ????, ?????, ?????????? ??????". ^[10]

?????????? ?????????????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ????????????? ????????????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????- ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????- ????? ???????.

????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????:

????? ?? ?????? - ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????.
??????? ??-?????? - ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????
???? ????? - ??????? ?? ??????????
???? ?????? - ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ^[11]
????? ???? - ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? MIT? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?? MIT ??????? ??????? ?????????
????? ??????? - ???????? ???? ?? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????
???? ??-?????? - ?????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????
?????????? ??-?????? - ????????? ?????? ???????-????????
???? ?????? - ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ????????
???? ?????, ?????? ????? - ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????
??????? ??????? - ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????
???? ??-???? ??????? ????????, ???????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????, ???????, ???????? ?? ????????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ????????
????? ??-????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ?????? ????-??????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ????????????.
???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????. ???????????.
??? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????, ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ???????????
??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.
???? ???????? - ?????????? ??????? ???????.
????? ???? ?????? - ??????????, ????? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????.
??? ??????- ??????????? ???????????????.
?????? ?????-???? - ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????.
????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????-?????????? ?? ??????? "???????? ????????" 1984 ?????? 2005 ??????.
??????? ???? - ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????.
????? ??-????? - ??????? ??????????. ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? 1961-1963 ??????.
??????? ??-????? - ?????? ?????? ??????????.
?????? ????? - ??? ?????? ???????-???????? 1987-??? 2000 ??????
??????? ??????? ???? - ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? 2000-??? 2003 ??????.
????? ??-???? - ?????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? (UAR).
????? ??-????? - 1984 ?????? 2006 ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????-??????????.
???? ????? - ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????.
??????? ??-?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???-???? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????.
????? ????? - ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????.
???? ??-??????? - ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ???????.
???? ??????? - ??????? ??????????? ?????
????? ????? ??-???? - ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.
????? ????????- ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? (PFLP) ???????? ?????.
????? ????? - ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????????.
????? ??????? - ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?? "??????? ?????????? ??????".
????? ?? ??????? - ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????-??????????.
???? ????? ????????- ??????? ????????? ??????????? ????????.

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ "President of Damascus University". Damasuniv.edu.sy. Archived from the original ^{[
??????? ?????
]} on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
↑ Spender, Tom (10 May 2005). "A new 'Mecca of Arabic studies'? ". The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved 31 March 2007.
↑ "Historical Background". Damasuniv.edu.sy. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August2015.
↑ Lloyd, Fran (1999). Contemporary Arab Women's Art: Dialogues of the Present . London: Women's Art Library. p. 82. ISBN 1-902770-005 . ^{[
??????? ?????
]}
↑ Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1 . ^{[
??????? ?????
]}
↑ "Degrees Structure of Studies" ^{[
??????? ?????
]}. Damasuniv.edu.sy. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
↑ "Nassr, M.; Ghossoun (13 November 2012). "President Bashar al-Assad decrees on establishing branch for Damascus University in Quneitra". Syrian Arab News Agency. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
↑ Basima Bezirgan (1994), "Near East since 1920", Encyclopedia of Library History , New York: Garland Pub., ISBN 0824057872 ^{[
??????? ?????
]}, OL 1397830M, 0824057872
↑ World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011
↑ "The logo of Damascus University". ^{[
??????? ?????
]} Damasuniv.edu.sy. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
↑ Hoult, Nick (30 January 2016). "Giles Clarke to leave England and Wales Cricket Board in bid to become International Cricket Council chairman". ^{[
??????? ?????
]}

[1] "President of Damascus University". Damasuniv.edu.sy. Archived from the original ^{[
??????? ?????
]} on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

[2] Spender, Tom (10 May 2005). "A new 'Mecca of Arabic studies'? ". The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved 31 March 2007.

[3] "Historical Background". Damasuniv.edu.sy. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August2015.

[4] Lloyd, Fran (1999). Contemporary Arab Women's Art: Dialogues of the Present . London: Women's Art Library. p. 82. ISBN 1-902770-005 . ^{[
??????? ?????
]}

[5] Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture . New York: Oxford University Press. p. 261. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1 . ^{[
??????? ?????
]}

[6] "Degrees Structure of Studies" ^{[
??????? ?????
]}. Damasuniv.edu.sy. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

[7] "Nassr, M.; Ghossoun (13 November 2012). "President Bashar al-Assad decrees on establishing branch for Damascus University in Quneitra". Syrian Arab News Agency. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.

[8] Basima Bezirgan (1994), "Near East since 1920", Encyclopedia of Library History , New York: Garland Pub., ISBN 0824057872 ^{[
??????? ?????
]}, OL 1397830M, 0824057872

[9] World Guide to Libraries (25th ed.), De Gruyter Saur, 2011

[10] "The logo of Damascus University". ^{[
??????? ?????
]} Damasuniv.edu.sy. Retrieved 25 August 2015.

[11] Hoult, Nick (30 January 2016). "Giles Clarke to leave England and Wales Cricket Board in bid to become International Cricket Council chairman". ^{[
??????? ?????
]}

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