?????? ??????????

	?????? ?????????? ; Gustav Stresemann
	;
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	13 ??????? , 1923 ? 23 ???????? , 1923
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	13 ??????? , 1923 ? 3 ????????? , 1929
??????????	10 ????? 1878 ; ???????
???????????	3 ????????? , 1929 (51 ????) ; ???????
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?????? ?????????? ( ????. Gustav Stresemann ; ?. 10 ????? , 1878 ? ?. 3 ????????? , 1929 ) ? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????????? ????????????? 1923 ????, 1923 ?1929 ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ??????? 1929 ???? ????????.

???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????(???????? ??????? ???????? ). ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????. ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????; ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????.

??????? ????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????????? ??????? 1878 ???? 10 ?????, ??????? ???????? , ???????? ??????? №66-??, ??? ????? ???????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????. ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????. ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????????, ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????. 16 ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? - ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????. ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? , ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????? 1924 ????. ???????? ??????? ??????????? 1895 ????. 1895 ???? ?????????? ?? ????? "???????? ????????" ???????????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????????, ?????? ?? ????????????????? ????????????? ???????????, ????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. 1897 ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? Burschenschaften -?? ?????????? ?? 1898 ???? ??????? ????? Allgemeine Deutsche Universitats-Zeitung-?? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ????. ???, ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????,???????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. 1898 ???? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????????, ????????? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. 1899 ???? ?????? ??? ???????? Allgemeine Deutsche Universitats-Zeitung? ?? ???????????. ?????? ???????? 1901 ???? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????.

1902 ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. 1903 ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? (1883?1970), ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????-????????? ?????????? ????? . 1906 ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????. ?????????? ?????, ??? ??? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????, ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. 1907 ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? , ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????????, ????? ?????????? ,??????????? ??????. ???????, ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ???? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, 1912 ????. ???????????, ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ?????????? ????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????-????????? ??????????? ?????????. 1914 ???? ??? ???????? ??????????.???? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ????. ??? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. 1917 ???? ?????????? ????????????? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????.

???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????. ?????????????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???? , ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????????, ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ???????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????.

??????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?????????, ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ????????. ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????: "?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????."

?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? , ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? - ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ( ????. Deutsche Volkspartei , DVP), ???? ??????????????? ????. ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????. DVP ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ?????????? ????????????????, ????? ????????, ??????? ????????? (???????????, ??????????? ?? ????? ??????-??????????? ).

???????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? 1923 ? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1923 ???? 13 ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ???? (1923 ?.). ???????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? 1923 ???? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????.

1923 ???? 26 ??????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????, 48-? ?????? ( ???????? ??????????? ) ????????? ???????????? ????????, ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? 1924 ???? ???????????. 1923 ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? 48-? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? SPD- ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????, 29 ?????????, ???? ????????? 6 ????????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???, ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????????????, ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????.

????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? 1923 ???? ?????????. ???? ????, ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????, ???? ???? ???? ??????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ??????,??????????? ????????? ????? ??????, Rentenmark . ??? ????? ????????? ????????, ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????, ??? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????? , ??? ???????????? ???, ??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????, ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????????. ???? ?????, ?? ???????????? ????????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????. ??????????? ?????? ???????; ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????.

??????? ??????? ???????? 1923-29 [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????, ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? . ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????, ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? 1924 ???? ???????? ????? , ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????????.

??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????????, ?????? ?????-????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ?????.

??????????? ???????????, ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????, ?????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ????????? ??????????????, ?? ?????????? ???????? ???.

??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????????????, ?????????? ?? ??????????. ??????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ?????? . ??????????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ”??????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ???? ?????”. ?????????? ????, ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????????; ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????; ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????; ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????-???????? ????????; ?? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ?????????????? ???????? 1925 ???? ??????????, ?????????. ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????????.

?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. ??? ?????????: ”???????????? ??????? ???? ??????”. ???? ?????, ?? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? .

???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ???????? ?????????????, ???????? ???? ??????? 1926 ???? ???????, ?????????? ?? ???????? 1922 ???? ??????? ???????????? . 1926 ???? ???????????, ???????? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????? ???, ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????.

?? ?????????????? ??????????? 1926 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? .

???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? 1929 ???? 3 ?????????, 51 ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????,Sudstern in Berlin Kreuzberg, ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????.

??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????, ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????.

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

Enssle, Manfred J (1980). Stresemann's Territorial Revisionism: Germany, Belgium, and the Eupen-Malmedy Question 1919-1929 . Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-02959-9 .
Evans, Richard J. (2003). The Coming of the Third Reich . New York City : Penguin Press . ISBN 978-0141009759 .
Fischer, Wolfgang C. (2010). German Hyperinflation 1922/23: A Law and Economics Approach . ISBN 978-3-89936-931-1 .
(2004) Freemasonry in Context: History, Ritual, Controversy . Lexington Books . ISBN 978-0739107812 .
Grathwol, Robert P. (1980). Stresemann and the DNVP: Reconciliation or Revenge in German Foreign Policy . Regent Press of Kansas | Out of Print.
Mulligan, William (2005). The creation of the modern German Army: General Walther Reinhardt and the Weimar Republic, 1914-1930 , Monographs in German History. ISBN 978-157181908-6 .
Schwarzschild, Leopold (1943). World in Trance . London: H. Hamilton. OCLC 609414177 .
Shirer, William L. (1990). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany . ISBN 978-0-671-72868-7 .
Tooze, Adam [2006] (2007). The Wages of Destruction: The Making & Breaking of the Nazi Economy . London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-100348-1 .
Turner, Henry Ashby (1963). Stresemann and the Politics of the Weimar Republic . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Wheeler-Bennett, John (1964). The Nemesis of Power; The German Army in Politics, 1918-1945 , 2nd, London: Macmillan. OCLC 711310 .
Wright, Jonathan (1997). ? Gustav Stresemann: Liberal or Realist? “, Personalities, War and Diplomacy: Essays in International History . London: Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-4818-7 .
Wright, Jonathan (2002). Gustav Stresemann: Weimar's Greatest Statesman . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821949-1 .
Gatzke, Hans W. "Gustav Stresemann: A Bibliographical Article." Journal of Modern History 36#1 (1964): 1-13. in JSTOR

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

Hitler, Stresemann and the Discontinuity of German Foreign Policy ???????????? 2005-10-27 ?????? Wayback Machine . by Edgar Feuchtwanger
Nobel biography ???????????? 2008-07-23 ?????? Wayback Machine .
STRESEMANN AND LITHUANIA IN THE NINETEEN TWENTIES ???????????? 2020-07-27 ?????? Wayback Machine .

Gustav Stresemann ? ??????????? ?????? ????????????“
?????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? Internet Archive
Hitler, Stresemann and the Discontinuity of German Foreign Policy by Edgar Feuchtwanger
Slav?nas, Julius P. (1972). ?Stresemann and Lithuania in the Nineteen Twenties“ . Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences . Chicago: Lituanus Foundation. 18 (4 ? Winter 1972).