??????? ( ???? . ????, ???? . Bengal) ^[1] ? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????-?????????? ???????.   ??????  ????? ???????? ?? ????-??????????? ?????? ?????.  ????????? ???????????? ???????????? , ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? . ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????:   ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ??????? - ??????????? ??????????. ^[2]

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1947 ??????, ????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ????????? 1 674 279 ????????? ?????????.

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?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? (??????????? ?????) ^{[3] [4]} , ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??. ?.  I ???????????.

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?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ??????????????. ^[5] ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? X-XII  ???????????.  VIII ?????????? XIII ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. XIII ???????? ??????????  ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????. XIV ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????. 1575 ???? ???????? ????? ?????????. ^[6] XVIII ???????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? (?????????? ??????????? ), ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ^[7]

?????????? ??????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1756 ???? ??????-??? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????????? ????????? (???????? ???????????) ??????????, ????????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??-????????? . ????????? (1757 ???? 23 ??????) ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ^[8]

??????????? ????????, 1881 ???? ???????? ????????? 162 607 990 ????????. ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? - ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????..??? ????????? 10 ???????? ???????????????? ?? ???????????????, ??????: 1) ????? ???????????, ?? ????????? ????????; 2) ??????-????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ( ???? . Oudh); 3) ?????? ; 4) ?????????? ???????????; 5) ??????? ; 6) ?????; 7) ????????? ????? ; 8) ????? ; 9) ?????? ?? ????????; 10) ??????.???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ??????? 455 422 ?? 2 ?? 9 445 563 ???????? ?????????. ???????? , ????? ?? ??????-?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ?? ????????, ??????, ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????. ??? ????????????: ?????????? - ?????? , ?????? ?? ?????? ; ????????? - ?????? ??????????, ????????? ????? , ???????? ???? , ???????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????; ??????????, ?????????? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????-?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????.

??????? ??? ???-???? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????.

. ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????????. 1947 ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? - ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? (?????? ??????? ) ??????? ???????? (???????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? (??????- ???? )- ????????? (?????????? ?????????). 1971 ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ???????????.

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???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ?????????? ?????? , ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ?????????: ?????????, ???????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? , ????????? ?????? , ?????????? ???????

??????????? ???????-???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ?????? ?????? 120 ??-?? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????. ^[9] ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????,

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1. ↑ " Oxford Dictionaries" ???????????? 2017-08-29 ?????? Wayback Machine . . Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017
2. ↑ Arijit Mazumdar (27 August 2014). Indian Foreign Policy in Transition: Relations with South Asia . Routledge. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-317-69859-3 . ^{[ ??????? ????? ]}
3. ↑ Rahman, Urmi. Bangladesh ? Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture ? Kuperard, 2014. ? P. 26?. ? ISBN 978-1-85733-696-2. ^{[ ??????? ????? ]}
4. ↑ Vanga | Britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica . ????????? ?????? 7 ??????? 2017.
5. ↑ Ray, H. P. (2003). The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia . Cambridge University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-521-01109-9 ^{[ ??????? ????? ]} . Retrieved 7 January 2017.
6. ↑ A Collection of Treaties and Engagements with the Native Princes and States of Asia: Concluded on Behalf of the East India Company by the British Governments in India, Viz. by the Government of Bengal Etc. : Also Copies of Sunnuds Or Grants of Certain Privileges and Imunities to the East India Company by the Mogul and Other Native Princes of Hindustan . United East-India Company. 1812. p. 28. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
7. ↑ " History of Bangladesh" . Bangladesh Student Association. Archived ???????????? 2006-12-19 ?????? Wayback Machine . from the original on 19 December 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2006.
8. ↑ Baten, Jorg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present . Cambridge University Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-107-50718-0 . ^{[ ??????? ????? ]}
9. ↑ "World's longest natural sea beach under threat" . BBC News . 28 December 2012. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2018.