????? ?????????? ( ??? .: Nieuw Amsterdam) ? XVII ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????; ??????? 1624 ???? ?? ??????????? ???-?????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ?? ?????????? ????-???????? ????????? ????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????, ??????? ???-?????? ????-?????? ???????, ?? ????????????? ???????????? ????? 1664 ??????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????. ??????????????? ???? ????????? ??? 1673 ???? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????-??????“ ????????, ????? 1674 ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ???? 1625 ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???-???? ????? ??????? (???????, ??????? 1664 - ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????).

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• Schmidt, Benjamin, Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570?1670 , Cambridge: University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0521804080

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????“ ???????????? .
• The New Amsterdam Trail ???????????? 2009-06-09 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Nieuw Amsterdam to New York
• New Amsterdam ???????????? 2012-12-28 ?????? Archive.is Category:Webarchive template archiveis links
• From Van der Donck to Visscher: a 1648 view of New Amsterdam, discovered in Vienna in 1991
• Background on the Native Americans of the area