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?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????. ????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????????. ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?.?. ????? ????????? ???????? . ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ???????: ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? , ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????, ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???? ?????????????. ?? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ???????????? ?????????? ( ????? ?? ?????????? . ???????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????, ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???) ?????????? ?.?. ????????? ?????. ?? ???????, ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? 9 ?????????. ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? 10 ?????????, ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? 9 ?????????, ???? 1 ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??????????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? U ²³⁵ -? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???. ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?.?. ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????, ????????? ????????.

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???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? XX ???????? 30-???? ?????? ??????????. ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ?? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? "????? ????????", ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????????????? ???????????, ???. ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? (1911 ????) ?? ????. ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ???? 1938 ???? 17 ?????????, ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????????????? ????????? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????????. ?? ???????????, ???? ????????, ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????????, ????????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ????, ?????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ??????????, ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????, ??????????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????. 1941 ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????? "??????? ?????". ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ???????? ??????????? - ?????? ???????????. ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???, ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ????????, ??????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???????, ??????-????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????, ??? ?? "??????? ?????"-????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ????? ?????, ??? ???????????? ???????? "?????"-?, ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????.

????? ????, ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? " ????????? ". ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????????????. ?? ??? ????? ???????.

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???????? ?????? ??????? 5 ?????????????? ??????:

1. ????????? ?????. ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????. ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ???? ?????? ???? ????????????. ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?????, ??????-??????????, ???????? ?? ?.?.
2. ???????? ???????????. ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????????. ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????-??????, ????????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???????, ????????????? ??????.
3. ???????????? ???????????. ????? ???????????? ????, ???????????, ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????????. ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?? ????. ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ???? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ???????????????, ??????????? ?????????????, ????????????????, ??????????? ????????? ?????????????(???. ???? ??????) ?? ????. ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????.
4. ???????????????? ???????. ???? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????. ???????? ??????? ????????????, ??? ????? ???????? ???????????. ???????? ???????????????? ???????????, ??????, ???????????????? ?? ????.
5. ???????????? ???????????. ????? ???????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????. ?????, ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????, ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????. ???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????, ????????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????????, ????? ????????????? ???????????.

????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????. ????????(?????????????) ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????, ???? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????. ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????- ??. ???????. ????????? ????? ????????? ???????:

• ?????? ????? ?????????? 1 ??.
• ????? ?????????? 1-10 ??.
• ??????? ?????????? 10-100 ??.
• ???? ?????????? 100 ?? - 1 ???(????????)
• ????????? 1 ???-?? ????

??????? ??????? ????????, 58,6 ????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? 1961 ???? 30 ?????????. ?????????? ???????, ?? ??? ?????, ??????? ???????? ??95-??, ?????? "????? ?????" ?????????. ?????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????, ?? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ????????? 3-??? ????????. ???? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????. ????? ????????? ??????????.

???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????. ??-2 ??????? ???? ???? , ???-? ???? ???????? ??????????. ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????. ??? ??????, ??? ???????????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? 2 ???? ????????????, ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ??????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. 1945 ???? 6 ????????, ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?-29-? ???????? ??????? ?????. ????????? ?????????? 25 ?? ????????. 9 ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????.

???????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ?? ???????????? - ????????? ?????. ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????. ???????? ?? ??????????? ????????, ????, ??????? ?? ????????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????, ?????????????????. ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ??????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? 8-??? 16-??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????. ????? ?? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ??????, ???????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????.

???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ??????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

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???????? ??????, ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? .

???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????:

• ?????????
• ?????? ???????????
• ?????????? ?????
• ???????????? ???????????
• ???????????????? ???????

???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????: ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? . ???????? ??????, ???????????? ???????? ?????: ???????? , ?????????-???????? ?? ?????????? ????????.

???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

?????????? ???????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????????? ?????????? ”???????”, ?????? ???????? ?????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? - ?????-235 ?? ?????-238. ??? ??????, ??? ?????-235 ????????? ????????? ???????? - ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????, ???????? ??? ????????, ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????-235 ???????? - ??????? ??? ?????-?????????.

${\displaystyle U^{235}+21845_{0}^{1}\to U^{236}\to Kr^{92}+Ba^{141}+3n_{0}^{1}}$

?????-238, ??????? ?????, ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????-239-??, ?????? ???????-239-?? ?? ????????, ????????? ????????, ?????????-239-??.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????? ??????:

???????? ??????

???????????? ???? ?????? ??????:

???????? ??????

• Nuclear Weapon Archive from Carey Sublette is a reliable source of information and has links to other sources and an informative FAQ .
• The Federation of American Scientists provide solid information on weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons and their effects
• Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues ? contains many resources related to nuclear weapons, including a historical and technical overview and searchable bibliography of web and print resources.
• Video archive of US, Soviet, UK, Chinese and French Nuclear Weapon Testing ???????????? 2012-12-05 ?????? Archive.is Category:Webarchive template archiveis links at sonicbomb.com
• The National Museum of Nuclear Science & History (United States) ? located in Albuquerque, New Mexico; a Smithsonian Affiliate Museum
• Nuclear Emergency and Radiation Resources
• The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb ???????????? 2009-02-09 ?????? Wayback Machine . at AtomicArchive.com
• Los Alamos National Laboratory: History (U.S. nuclear history)
• Race for the Superbomb , PBS website on the history of the H-bomb
• Recordings of recollections of the victims of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ???????????? 2021-03-22 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• The Woodrow Wilson Center's Nuclear Proliferation International History Project ???????????? 2015-08-12 ?????? Wayback Machine . or NPIHP is a global network of individuals and institutions engaged in the study of international nuclear history through archival documents, oral history interviews and other empirical sources.
• NUKEMAP3D ? a 3D nuclear weapons effects simulator powered by Google Maps.

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