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??????? ? ?????? “ ???? ???? ??????????????, ?????? ?????? (???????????????????) .

?????? , ??-??????? ( ????. ????? ??????? ; Mad?nat al-Jaz?'ir , ?????. Alger ) ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???-??????????“ ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? . ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? 4 ???????, ???????? 1525 ???? ??????? ????????? ????????. ????? ?????, ??????????? ??-?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????, ???????? ??????????

?????????????? ????????, ????????? ??-?????? ?? ????? ??-??????.

?????????? ? 2,988,145 ???????? ??? 2008 ???? ??????? ?? 2011 ???? 3,500,000-? ???????.

??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?????, 140 ? ????? ???????, ?????????? ????????. ???????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????.

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????? X ????????? , 944 ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???-???? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? - ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????.

???????? ????????? ????? II ?????????? 1148 ????, ????? ??? ??????? ???????? 1014 ?????? ??????????? ??????????. 1159 ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????. XIII ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????. 1302 ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????. 1510 ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????.

????????? ???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1516 ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????. ???? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? ???? - ?????????? ???????. ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? 1524 ????, ????? ????? ???????? ??? 1529 ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????, ???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????.

?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????. 1541 ???? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ????, ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? V-? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? 30 000 ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????.

???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????, 1816 ???? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????, ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????. ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????.

????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????. 1556 ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??????? ???, ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????. ???? ?????? (??-?????? ?? ????“) ????????? 50 ????????????, ????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????, ?????????, ??????? ?? ????????. ??????? ???????????????, ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? (??-???? ?? ??????????“), ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ????????

1816 ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ???? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????.

??????????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1830 ???? 4 ??????, ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????. XX ???????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????. 1930-??? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????????. ?????, ???? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????.

????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????“ ????. ?? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????.

1962 ????, ???????????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? (????????? ?????? 350,000-1,500,000), ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????. ??? ??????, ??????-????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????????? ????????. ???????? ???????????? ??????????? 5 ??????? ?????????? (??????? ??????????? 10%).

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????? (????????)
??? ?? ?????
????? ????????
?????
?? ??????
??????, ??? ???????, ??-??????? ?? ???????? ????????
?????? ??????? ????

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? (???????? ???????? ?????????????: Csa). ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ???????, ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????????, ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? 600 ?? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????, ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????.

????? ?????? ????????. 2012 ???? ??????? ?????? 100 ?? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????. ^[1]

??????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????? 13 ??????????????? ???????????, ???????? ????????? 57 ???????.

??????????? ??????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????? ?????????? ??????-????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????, ????????? ??????? (????? ??-?????? ???? ???????), ?????????? ??????? (?????????? ?????? ?????????), ????????, ??????? ???????? ????-????? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??????? (?????? ??????? ???????), ??????? ????? ?????????? - ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? 1799?1800 ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????.

??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? 1516 ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???? (??????? ?????????? ??????) ??????? ???. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???, ?????? ????????? ????????, ???? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???????????? ???????? , ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????. ????? 1992 ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????.

???? ?? ?????? (Jamaa-el-Kebir ?????? ??????) ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????. ??????? (minbar ????) ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????????, ??? ?? ?????? ????????? 1097 ????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, 1324 ????. ^[2] ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

????? ?????? (Jamaa-el-Jedid ?????? ??????), ??????? XVII ???????? ???? ????????????, ???????? ????? ????????, ??????? ?????????????????? ???? ????? ????????, ????????? ???? ?????? ????????. ???????? ???????? 27 ??????. ????????? ???? ??????? ????????. ^[3]

??????? ??????? (?????????? 1870 ????) ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????. ?? ??????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? 1580 ???? ??? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????????? ?????????, ??? 1631 ???? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? , ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????.

??????? ???? ????????? ??????, ?????????, ???????????? ?? ??????????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???? ??? ??????????, ????? ???? ????????? - ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? 95 ?????? ?????.

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ????-????: ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????, ???? ??????? ???-???? ?????????? ?????. ???????? ?????? 1858 ????.

????????? ?????????: ??????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????????????? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ??????? 1982 ???? ??????? ??????????????? 20 ???? ?????????? ????????????.

?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????.

???? ??????? ????? (1910, ??????? ?? ????????? ????): ???-??????????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????.
??????? ?????? (?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????????).
???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 1990-??? ??????.
???? ?? ?????? - ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????.

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

????	??????????
1977 (??????)	1,523,000 ^[4]
1987 (??????)	1,507,241 ^[4]
1998 (??????)	2,086,212 ^[4]
2008 (??????)	2,364,230 ^[4]

??????? ?????????? ?????????? 3,335,418 ???????? (2012 ???? ?????????). ^[5]

???????? ?????????? ????????????: 53% ?????? ????? ????????, 44% ???????? ????? ????????, ???? 3% ?????? ?????? ????????.

1940 ???? - ??????? ????????? 300,000 ????????.
1960 ???? - ??????? ????????? 900,000 ????????.
1963 ???? - ??????? 600,000 ???????? ?????????.

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????, ??????, ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????????????? 60 ??????? ????. 2007 ???? ?????? ????????????, ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? 50 ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????, ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ^[6]

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ?????????? ?????????? 20 ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ?? ???? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????, ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????, ????????? ???????? Hilton, El-Aurassi ?? El Djazair. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????. ??????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????????, ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????.

????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????:

?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? (???????? ?????)
??????? ???????? ?????
??????? ??????? ????? ???????
?? ????????? ????? (??????????????? ?????) ^[7]^[8]

?????????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? (ETUSA) - ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????. ????????????? 54 ????, ??????????? ????? 5:30 ???????? ????? 12:45 ????????.
???????? ?????????? ???????? (SNTF) ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????.
??????? ?????, ??????? 2011 ???? 1 ????????.
??????? ???????, ??????? 2011 ???? 8 ?????.
????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? 20 ??????????. ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???????? ???????, ???? ???????????, ?????? ?? ???????? ????????. 2006 ???? 5 ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????.

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? - ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ????, ????????????? ?????, 18-????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????.

???????????? ???????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

??????? ????????????? ????????:

????? , ???????? ?????? , ?????? ??????? , ???????? ?????? , ?????? ???????? , ???????? ????? ^[9]	???????? , ?????? ^[10] ??????? , ???? ????????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? , ?????? ????? , ????????? ???? , ??????	?????????? , ???????????? ???-????? , ???????? ?????? , ?????? ???? , ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? , ?????????

?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

Emerson, Charles. 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares Algiers to 20 major world cities; pp 267?79.
Benseddik, Nacera (2004), ?Chronique d’une Cite Antique“, Alger: Lumieres sur la Ville , Actes du Colloque de l'EPAU 4?6 May 2001 , Algiers .
Ghaki, Mansour (2015), ?Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Ecriture Punique/Neopunique“ , Anna Maria di Tolla, La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e Percorsi degli Studi Berberi , Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, No. 4 , Naples: Unior, ISBN 978-88-6719-125-3 , ISSN 2283-5636 , https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf .
Origins of Algiers by Louis Leschi, speech delivered June 16, 1941 published in El Djezair Sheets , July 1941 History of Algeria (??.)
Celik, Zeynep, Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers Under French Rule , University of California Press, 1997, p. 13.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ??????, ???????????? ?????????

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

↑ Balmforth, Richard (4 February 2012). ?European Chill Moves West, 122 Die in Ukraine“ . Reuters . ????????????? ???????????? ? 14 ?????????? 2014 . ????????? ??????: 30 June 2017 .
↑ Fountain in Mosque of El Kebir, Algiers, Algeria (1899). ????????? ??????: 2013-09-24.
↑ Chisholm 1911 , p. 654.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Archived copy . ????????? ??????: 2019-03-28
↑ Algiers in the World Gazetteer . World-gazetteer.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 2007-09-30. ????????? ??????: 2010-06-27.
↑ MERCER Human Resources Consulting ? Moscow tops Mercer's cost of living list; London is close behind . Mercerhr.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 1 July 2010. ????????? ??????: 2010-06-27.
↑ Kobori, Iwao (Conseiller aupres del'Universite des Nations Unies). " L'Algerie et moi " ( ???????????? 2015-01-16 ?????? Wayback Machine . ). Japan-Algeria Center. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.
↑ " 過去に指定?認定していた在外?育施設 " ( ???????????? 2015-01-15 ?????? Wayback Machine . ). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology . Retrieved on January 15, 2015.
↑ Anniversary of sister-city relations . KCNA (6 January 2000). ????????????? ???????????? ? 2017-09-08. ????????? ??????: 2020-08-03.
↑ Sherlock, banque d'information de la Ville de Montreal . 1.ville.montreal.qc.ca. ????????????? ???????????? ? 2009-02-23. ????????? ??????: 2010-06-27.

[1] Balmforth, Richard (4 February 2012). ?European Chill Moves West, 122 Die in Ukraine“ . Reuters . ????????????? ???????????? ? 14 ?????????? 2014 . ????????? ??????: 30 June 2017 .

[2] Fountain in Mosque of El Kebir, Algiers, Algeria (1899). ????????? ??????: 2013-09-24.

[FOOTNOTEChisholm1911654-3] Chisholm 1911 , p. 654.

[citypopulation.de-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Archived copy . ????????? ??????: 2019-03-28

[5] Algiers in the World Gazetteer . World-gazetteer.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 2007-09-30. ????????? ??????: 2010-06-27.

[6] MERCER Human Resources Consulting ? Moscow tops Mercer's cost of living list; London is close behind . Mercerhr.com. ????????????? ???????????? ? 1 July 2010. ????????? ??????: 2010-06-27.

[7] Kobori, Iwao (Conseiller aupres del'Universite des Nations Unies). " L'Algerie et moi " ( ???????????? 2015-01-16 ?????? Wayback Machine . ). Japan-Algeria Center. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.

[8] " 過去に指定?認定していた在外?育施設 " ( ???????????? 2015-01-15 ?????? Wayback Machine . ). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology . Retrieved on January 15, 2015.

[9] Anniversary of sister-city relations . KCNA (6 January 2000). ????????????? ???????????? ? 2017-09-08. ????????? ??????: 2020-08-03.

[10] Sherlock, banque d'information de la Ville de Montreal . 1.ville.montreal.qc.ca. ????????????? ???????????? ? 2009-02-23. ????????? ??????: 2010-06-27.

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