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Obere mbara ala

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Obere mbara ala d? obere ihe d? na mbara ala nke d? na Usoro Anyanw? nke na agba gburugburu anyanw?, buru ibu nke ukwuu iji b?r? nke gbara gburugburu, mana ezugh? iji nweta ikike okirikiri d? ka mbara ala asat?. Mbido mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? b? Pluto, nke a na ewere d? ka mbara ala d? mma tupu ewebata echiche "dwarf" na ag?makw?kw? na 2006.

Mmas? nke mbara ala nd? d? mkp?mkp? na nd? ?ka mm?ta ala b? na ha nwere ike ?b? ihe nd? na ar? ?r? na ala, at?manya nke e gosip?tara na 2015 site na ?r? Dawn na Ceres na ?r? New Horizons na Pluto. Nd? na enyocha mbara igwe kwenyere n'ozuzu ha na ? d?kar?a ala itoolu kachas? ukwuu b? mbara ala nd? d? obere n'usoro siri ike, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, Ceres, na Orcus - ? b? ezie na enwere obi ab?? maka Orcus. N'ime itoolu nd? a tinyere onye nke iri kachas? ukwuu Salacia, ?gb? mbara igwe eletawo ab?? (Pluto na Ceres) na nd? ?z? asaa nwere ? d?kar?a ala otu ?nwa a maara (Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Orcus, na Salacia), nke na enye ohere ka a ch?p?ta ?d? ar? ha ma si otu a ch?p?ta at?mat? nke njup?ta ha. A p?r? itinye ?d? ar? na njup?ta n'ime ?d? geophysical na mgbal? iji ch?p?ta ?d?d? nke ?wa nd? a. Naan? otu, Sedna, a na eletagh? ma ? b? nwee ?nwa ? b?la a maara, na eme ka at?mat? ziri ezi nke ?d? ar? sie ike. ?f?d? nd? na enyocha mbara igwe na ag?nye ?t?t? obere ihe, mana enwegh? nkwek?r?ta na nd? a nwere ike ?b? obere mbara ala.

? b? onye ?ka mm?ta sayens? na-ah? maka mbara ala b? Alan Stern chep?tara okwu ah? d? ka ak?k? nke nhazi ?z? at? nke ihe nd? d? na mbara ala na usoro anyanw?: mbara ala oge ochie, mbara ala d? mkp?mkp?, na Mbara ala Satellite. N'ihi ya, a t?p?tara mbara ala nd? d? mkp?mkp? d? ka otu ?d? mbara ala. Otu [1] d?, n'af? 2006, International Astronomical Union (IAU) nabatara echiche ah? d? ka otu ?d? ihe nd? d? na mbara ala, ak?k? nke ?z? at? nke ihe nd? na agba anyanw? gburugburu: mbara ala, mbara ala nd? d? obere na obere ihe nd? d? n'usoro anyanw?. [2] mere, Stern na nd? ?z? na am? banyere ala na ewere mbara ala d? obere na nnukwu satellites d? ka mbara ala, mana kemgbe af? 2006, IAU na ikekwe ?t?t? nd? na enyocha mbara igwe ewep?la ha na ndep?ta nke mbara ala.

Ak?k? ihe mere eme nke echiche a [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Foto nke Pluto na ?nwa ya Charon
4 Vesta, asteroid nke b?bu obere mbara ala [3]

Malite na 1801, nd? na enyocha mbara igwe ch?p?tara Ceres na ihe nd? ?z? d? n'etiti Mars na Jupiter nke a na ewere d? ka mbara ala ruo ?t?t? iri af?. [4] 'agbata mgbe ah? na gburugburu 1851, mgbe ?n? ?g?g? nke mbara ala ruru 23, nd? na enyocha mbara igwe malitere iji okwu Asteroid (site na Grik, nke p?tara 'd? ka kpakpando' ma ? b? 'd? ka mbara igwe') maka obere ihe ma malite ?mata ha d? ka Obere mbara ala kar?a nnukwu mbara ala.

Site na nch?p?ta nke Pluto na 1930, ?t?t? nd? na enyocha mbara igwe weere usoro anyanw? ka ? nwere nnukwu mbara ala itoolu, yana ?t?t? puku obere ihe (Asteroids na Comets ). Ruo ihe f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r? af? 50, a na eche na Pluto buru ibu kar?a Mercury, [5] [6] mana site na nch?p?ta na 1978 nke ?nwa Pluto b? Charon, ? b?ara nwee ike ?lele ?d? ar? Pluto n'?z? ziri ezi ma ch?p?ta na ? d? obere kar?a at?mat? mb?. [7]  ? b? ihe d?ka otu ?z? n'?z? iri ab?? nke ?d? ar? nke Mercury, nke mere ka Pluto b?r? mbara ala kacha nta. [8] b? ezie na ? ka d? ihe kar?r? okpukpu iri kar?a ihe kachas? ukwuu na belt asteroid, Ceres, ? nwere naan? otu ?z? n'?z? ise nke ?d? ar? nke ?nwa ?wa. [9] , inwe ?f?d? njirimara nd? a na ad?gh? ah?kebe, d? ka nnukwu eccentricity orbital na nnukwu inclination orbital, ? b?ara doo anya na ? b? ?d? ihe d? iche na nke ? b?la n'ime mbara ala nd? ?z?.

[10] 'af? nd? 1990, nd? na enyocha mbara igwe malitere ?ch?ta ihe n'otu mpaghara nke mbara igwe d? ka Pluto (nke a maara ugbu a d? ka belt Kuiper), na ?f?d? ?b?na kar?a. ?t?t? n'ime nd? a nwek?r? ?t?t? njirimara okirikiri nke Pluto, a malitekwara ?h? Pluto d? ka onye kachas? ukwuu n'ime klas ?h?r? nke ihe, plutinos. [11] doro anya na ma ? b? nke ka ukwuu n'ime ihe nd? a ga ab?kwa nke a ga ekewa d? ka mbara ala, ma ? b? Pluto ga-agbanwe, d?ka Ceres ka a gbanwere mgbe a ch?tara asteroids nd? ?z?.Nke a mere ka ?f?d? nd? na enyocha mbara igwe kw?s? ?kp? Pluto d? ka mbara ala. [12] [13] malitere iji ?t?t? okwu, g?nyere subplanet na planetoid , mee ihe maka ihe nd? a maara ugbu a d? ka obere mbara ala. Nd? [14] -enyocha mbara igwe nwekwara obi ike na a ga ach?p?ta ihe nd? ?z? buru ibu d? ka Pluto, ?n? ?g?g? mbara ala ga amalite ito ngwa ngwa ma ? b?r? na Pluto n?gide na ahazi ya d? ka mbara ala.

A ch?p?tara Eris (nke a maara n'oge ah? d? ka 2003 UB313) na Jen?war? 2005; [15] a na-eche na ? d? ntak?r? kar?a Pluto, ?f?d? ak?k? na ezo aka na ya d? ka Mbara ala nke iri . [16] [17] 'ihi ya, okwu ah? gh?r? okwu ar?m?ka siri ike n'oge Nzuk? Ezumezu IAU n'?nwa ?g?st? af? 2006. At?mat? mb? nke IAU g?nyere Charon, Eris, na Ceres na ndep?ta nke mbara ala. Mgbe ?t?t? nd? na enyocha mbara igwe j?r? at?mat? a, nd? na ah? maka mbara igwe na Uruguay Julio Angel Fernandez na Gonzalo Tancredi chep?tara ihe ?z?: Ha t?r? aro maka ihe nd? buru ibu iji b?r? gburugburu mana nke ah? emegh? ka ha kpochap? usoro ha nke planetesimals. [18] wez?ga iwep? Charon na ndep?ta ah?, at?mat? ?h?r? ah? wep?r? Pluto, Ceres, na Eris, n'ihi na ha ewep?begh? usoro ha.

? b? ezie na a na enwe nchegbu banyere nkewa nke mbara ala nd? na agba kpakpando nd? ?z? gburugburu, [19] a nagh? edozi nsogbu ah?; a t??r? ya aro ka e kpebie nke a naan? mgbe a malitere ?h? ihe nd? d? ka mbara ala. [18]

[20] 'oge na ad?gh? anya mgbe nk?wa IAU nke obere mbara ala gas?r?, ?f?d? nd? ?ka mm?ta sayens? gosip?tara enwegh? nkwek?r?ta ha na mkpebi IAU. Mgbasa ozi g?nyere mkpado ?gb? ala [21] T-shirts. [22] Mike Brown (onye ch?p?tara Eris) kwenyere na mbelata nke ?n? ?g?g? mbara ala ruo asat?.

[23] kwup?tara na 2006 na ? ga eji ntuziaka ?h?r? nke IAU guzobere. [24] Alan Stern, onye nduzi nke ?r? NASA na Pluto, j?r? nk?wa IAU nke mbara ala ugbu a, ma n'ihe gbasara ?k?wa mbara ala d? mkpirikpi d? ka ihe ?z? kar?a ?d? mbara ala, yana iji njirimara okirikiri (kama njirimara intrinsic) nke ihe iji k?waa ha d? ka mbara ala d? obere. [25] [26] mere, na 2011, ? ka na ezo aka na Pluto d? ka mbara ala, [1] ma nabata mbara ala nd? ?z? nwere ike ?b? obere d? ka Ceres na Eris, yana ?nwa nd? buru ibu, d? ka mbara igwe nd? ?z?. [2] af? tupu nk?wa IAU, o jiri njirimara orbital kewaa "uberplanets" (nke kachas? asat?) site na "unterplanets" ("planets nd? d? obere), na at?le ?d? "planets" ab?? ah?.

Aha ya [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Ihe osise Euler na-egosi echiche nke IAU Executive Committee nke ?d? ihe d? na usoro anyanw? (ma e wez?ga anyanw?)

Aha maka nnukwu ihe nd? d? n'okpuru mbara ala g?nyere obere mbara ala, planetoid (okwu zuru oke), Meso-planet (nke a na eji eme ihe maka nha d? n'etiti Mercury na Ceres), ihe f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r? mbara ala na (n'ogbe transneptunian) plutoid . Otu ? d?, e chep?tara mbara ala dwarf d? ka okwu maka mbara ala nd? kas? nta, ? b?gh? nnukwu mbara ala, ?t?t? nd? na enyocha mbara igwe ka na ejikwa ya eme ihe n'?z? ah?.

Alan Stern chep?tara okwu ah? b? dwarf planet, nke yiri okwu ah? b? Dwarf Star, d? ka ak?k? nke nhazi okpukpu at? nke mbara ala, ya na ?t?t? nd? ?r? ibe ya na aga n'ihu na ekewa mbara ala d? ka klas nke mbara ala. IAU kpebiri na a gagh? ele mbara ala nd? d? obere anya d? ka mbara ala, mana ha debere okwu Stern maka ha. Okwu nd? ?z? maka nk?wa IAU nke nnukwu ihe nd? d? n'okpuru mbara ala nke na enwegh? nk?wa ma ? b? ojiji na emegider?ta onwe ha g?nyere quasi planet [27] na okwu ochie planetoid ("inwe ?d?d? nke mbara ala"). [28] [29] Michael E. Brown kwuru na planetoid b? "okwu zuru oke" nke ejirila mee ihe maka ihe nd? a ruo ?t?t? af?, nakwa na ojiji nke okwu dwarf planet maka ihe na ab?gh? mbara ala b? "dumb", mana na ? b? mgbal? nke IAU division III plenary session iji weghachite Pluto d? ka mbara ala na mkpebi nke ab??. [1] [30] [31] 'ezie, at?mat? nke Mkpebi 5A kp?r? ihe nd? a d? n'etiti planetoids, [1] [2] mana nn?k? zuru ezu ji otu olu tie vootu iji gbanwee aha ah? ka ? b?r? mbara ala, d? mkp?mkp?. [3] Mkpebi nke ab??, 5B, k?wara mbara ala nd? d? obere d? ka ?d? mbara ala, d? ka Stern bu n'obi na mb?, d? iche na asat? nd? ?z? a ga akp? "planets ochie". N'okpuru ndokwa a, a ga echekwa mbara ala iri na ab?? nke at?mat? a j?r? na ?d?iche d? n'etiti mbara ala asat? na mbara ala an? d? mkp?mkp?. [29] meriri mkpebi 5B n'otu nn?k? ah? e mere 5A. [32] 'ihi enwegh? nkwek?r?ta nke mbara ala d? mkpirikpi na ab?gh? mbara ala n'ihi ?d?da nke Resolution 5B, a t?lere okwu nd? ?z? d? ka Nanoplanet na subplanet, mana enwegh? nkwek? n'etiti CSBN iji gbanwee ya.

N'?t?t? as?s?, e mep?tara okwu nd? yiri ya site na ?s?ghar? mbara ala dwarf kar?a ma ? b? kar?a n'?z? nk?t?: French planete naine, Spanish planeta enano, German Zwergplanet , Russian karlikovaya planeta (karlic planet), Arabic kaukab qazm (???? ???), Chinese ?ixingx?ng (矮行星), Korean waesohangseong (Wesohangsoong) ma ? b? waehangseong (Lishishish-Chipeni), mana n'as?s? Japanese a na akp? ha "planets" (Cost).

IAU Resolution 6a nke 2006 [33] gh?tara Pluto d? ka "ihe nlereanya nke ?d? ?h?r? nke ihe trans-Neptunian". [1] k?wagh? aha na ?d?d? ziri ezi nke ?d? a mana hap?r? IAU ka ? guzobe n'oge ?z?; na ar?m?ka na eduga na mkpebi ah?, a na akp? nd? otu ah? d? ka ' pluton' na ihe plutonian mana ? d?gh? aha ? b?la ka a na aga n'ihu, ikekwe n'ihi mmegide sitere n'aka nd? ?ka mm?ta ala na nke a ga akpata mgbagwoju anya na pluton ha.

[34] June 11, 2008, K?mitii Nch?kwa IAU kwup?tara okwu ?h?r?, plutoid , na nk?wa: mbara ala niile d? obere na agafe Neptune b? plutoids. Ngalaba nd? ?z? nke IAU aj?la okwu ah?:   ?d? nke 'plutoid' weghaara ihe d? iche na mb? n'etiti 'terrestrial dwarf' Ceres na 'ice dwarfs' nke sistem? mbara igwe d? n'ezi, ak?k? nke echiche nke ak?k? at? nke sistem? anyanw? n'ime mbara ala d? n'ime, nd? dike gas na etiti. dwarfs d? n'ezi, nke Pluto b? onye isi. 'Ice dwarf' h?kwara ?f?d? eji d? ka nche anw? okwu maka niile trans-Neptunian obere mbara ala, ma ? b? maka ice asteroids nke mp?ta anyanw? System; Otu nwara nk?wa b? na ice dwarf "b? ibu kar?a nucleus nke a nk?t? comet na icier kar?a a ah?kar? asteroid."

Kemgbe ?r? Dawn, a gh?tara na Ceres b? ihe na-aj? oyi nke yiri ?nwa nd? na aj? ice nke mbara ala nd? d? n'ezi na TNOs d? ka Pluto kar?a ka ? d? na mbara ala nd? n? n'?wa, na-eme ka ?d?iche ah? ghara ?d?, [35] [36] ma kemgbe a na akp? Ceres ice dwarf. [37]

Ihe nd? e ji mara [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Nd? na-eme ihe gbasara mbara ala [38]
Ah? At?:Sfrac At?:Sup Λ  [‡] μ  [§] Π  [#]
Mercury 0.055 ×.95×103 ×.1×104 ×.3×102
Venus 0.815 ×.66×105 ×.35×106 ×.5×102
?wa 1 ×.53×105 ×.7×106 ×.1×102
Mars 0.107 ×.42×102 ×.8×105 ×.4×101
Ceres 0.00016 ×.32×10?4 0.33 ×.0×10?2
Jupiter 317.7 ×.30×109 ×.25×105 ×.0×104
Saturn 95.2 ×.68×107 ×.9×105 ×.1×103
Uranus 14.5 ×.85×105 ×.9×104 ×.2×102
Neptune 17.1 ×.73×105 4×.4×104 ×.0×102
Pluto 0.0022 ×.95×10?3 0.077 ×.8×10?2
Eris 0.0028 ×.13×10?3 0.10 ×.0×10?2
Sedna 0.0002 ×.64×10?7 ?<?0.07[lower-alpha 2] ×.6×10?4
Nd? na-ak?wa mbara ala nke mbara ala (acha ?cha), na nke mbara ala dwarf kachas? ukwuu a maara (na-acha odo odo) na nd? ? b?la na-agba gburugburu (asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, diski gbasas?r? agbasa, sednoids). Ihe nd? ?z? a maara n'etiti nd? a nwere obere ihe na-eme ka nd? mmad? mara kar?a nke egosiri.
[†] Mass na MEarth, unit nke mass ha ka nke M?wa (5.97 × 1024 kg).

( At?:Math ).

[‡] a about="#mwt317" class="texhtml mvar" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mvar","href":"./Template:Mvar"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"?a?"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAdI" style="font-style:italic;" typeof="mw:Transclusion">a about="#m" class="texhtml" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"math","href":"./Template:Math"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"?Λ?"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAcY" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Λ b? ikike iji kpochap? agbata obi (kar?a 1 maka mbara ala) site na Stern & Levison (2002): [1] Λ = k m2 a? + 3 /2, ebe k = 0.0043 maka m na nkeji nke yottagrams (10 metric t?n) na a na nkeji nke mbara igwe (AU), ebe a b? ?kara isi axis nke ah?. [2]

 

[§] [38] M" class="texhtml mvar" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mvar","href":"./Template:Mvar"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"?m?"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAd0" style="font-style:italic;" typeof="mw:Transclusion">m" class="texhtml mvar" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"mvar","href":"./Template:Mvar"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"?μ?"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwAds" style="font-style:italic;" typeof="mw:Transclusion">μ b? onye na-ah? maka mbara ala nke Soter, nke ? na-ah? kar?a 100 maka mbara ala. At?:Math , ebe m b? ?d? ar? nke ah?, na M b? ng?k?ta nke ihe niile na-an? na mpaghara ya.
[#] [39] Π b? ikike iji kpochap? agbata obi (kar?a 1 maka mbara ala) site na Margot. Π = k m a ± 9/8, ebe At?:Math maka nkeji nke ?d? ar? nke ?wa na AU .

?d? mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? sitere na esemokwu d? n'etiti echiche d? ike na nke ala banyere ihe echiche bara uru nke mbara ala ga ab?. N'ihe gbasara ike nke usoro anyanw?, nnukwu ?d?iche d? n'etiti ihe nd? na ach?kwa agbata obi ha (Mercury site na Neptune) na nd? na ad?gh? (d? ka asteroids na Kuiper belt objects). Ihe d? n'eluigwe nwere ike ?nwe ?d?d? ala d? ike (planetary) na ihe d?ka oke ach?r? maka mkpuchi ya ka ? b?r? plastik n'okpuru ?d? ar? ya, nke na eme ka ah? nweta ?d?d? gburugburu. N'ihi na nke a ch?r? ?d? ar? d? ala kar?a ikike nd?da na ach?kwa mpaghara nke mbara igwe d? nso na usoro ha, enwere ?t?t? ihe buru ibu iji nwee ?d?d? ?wa na ?d?d? mbara ala, mana ? b?gh? oke iji kpochap? agbata obi ha. Ihe at? [40] Ceres na belt asteroid na Pluto na belt Kuiper.

[41] [42] -ah? maka ihe nd? na eme n'ike na-ah?r? iji ikike nd?da d? ka ?n? ?z? maka planethood, n'ihi na site n'echiche ha, obere ihe na nd? agbata obi ha na ejik?ta nke ?ma, d?ka Ceres d? ka nnukwu asteroid na Pluto d? ka nnukwu ihe Kuiper belt. Nd? ?ka mm?ta sayens? na ah?r? okirikiri d? ka ?n? ?z?, n'ihi na site n'echiche ha, ?d?d? ala nke ihe d? ka Ceres na eme ka ? d? ka mbara ala d? ka Mars, kar?a obere asteroid nke na enwegh? ?d?d? ala. Nke [40] mere ka e mep?ta ?d? mbara ala nd? d? obere iji k?waa klas a d? n'etiti.

?ch?ch? Orbital [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Stern & Levison (2000) webatara parameter Λ (elu okwu lambda), na egosip?ta ohere nke izute na akpata nt?ghar? nke orbit. Uru nke parameter a na ihe nlereanya Stern kwek?r? na square nke oke ah? ma kwek?? na oge ah?. Enwere ike iji uru a mee at?mat? ikike nke ihe iji kpochap? agbata obi nke orbit ya, ebe Λ > 1 ga-emecha kpochap? ya. [38] ch?tara oghere nke usoro ise nke ?d? ukwuu na Λ n'etiti obere Mbara ala na nnukwu asteroids na ihe Kuiper belt.

N'iji paramita a, Soter na nd? ?z? na enyocha mbara igwe r?r? ?ka maka ?d?iche d? n'etiti mbara ala na mbara ala dwarf dabere na enwegh? ike nke ikpeaz? iji "kpochap? agbata obi gburugburu ha": mbara ala na enwe ike iwep? obere ozu n'ak?k? ha site na nkukota, ijide, ma ? b? nsogbu nd?da (ma ? b? guzobe resonances orbital nke na egbochi nkukota), ebe mbara ala dwarf enwegh? oke ime ya. Soter gara n'ihu wep?ta usoro ? kp?r? ?kpa oke mbara ala, nke ejiri akara μ (mu), nke na an?chite anya nnwale nnwale nke ogo ?d? ?cha nke mpaghara orbital (ebe a na agbak? μ site n'ikewa oke nke ah? onye nyocha). site mkpok?ta uka nke ihe nd? ?z? na ekere oke ya orbital zone), ebe At?:Math e deemed to be cleared.

Jean-Luc Margot n?chara echiche Stern na Levison iji mep?ta ihe yiri nke ah? Π (okwu elu Pi). [39] Λ.  dabeere na nchep?ta, na ezere data nke Λ ji mee ihe. At?:Math na egosi mbara ala, na enwere ?z? ?d?iche d? n'etiti ?t?t? usoro nke ?d? ukwuu n'etiti mbara ala na mbara ala nd? d? obere.

E nwere ?t?t? at?mat? nd? ?z? na anwa ?mata ?d?iche d? n'etiti mbara ala na mbara ala nd? d? obere, [20] mana nk?wa 2006 na eji echiche a. [1]

Nkwado mmiri [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

At?:Image frame Mmet?ta zuru oke n'ime, nke ikike nd?da ah? kpatara, ga agbanwe plastik ah?, na plasticity zuru oke ga eme ka elu d? elu banye na oghere jup?ta, usoro a maara d? ka nt?sara ike nd?da. Ihe nd? d? obere kar?a kilomita ole na ole na ach?kwa ike nd?da ma na enwekar? ?d?d? na ad?gh? mma ma nwee ike ?b? mkpok?ta mkp?mkp?. Ihe nd? buru ibu, ebe ikike nd?da d? ?r?ba ama ma ? b?gh? nke kachas?, nwere ?d?d? poteto; ka ah? buru ibu, ka nr?gide d? n'ime ya d? elu, ka ? siri ike kar? ma gbaa gburugburu ?d?d? ya, ruo mgbe nr?gide zuru ezu iji merie ike ya ma nweta nguzozi hydrostatic. Mgbe ah?, ah? d? gburugburu d? ka o kwere omume, n'ihi nt?ghar? ya na mmet?ta ya, ? b?kwa ellipsoid n'?d?d?. Nke b? njedebe na ak?wa nke obere mbara ala.

? b?r? na ihe n? na nguzozi hydrostatic, mmiri zuru ?wa ?n? n'elu ya ga eme ka otu ?d?d? ah? d? ka ah?, ma e wez?ga obere ihe nd? d? n'elu d? ka craters na fissures. Ah? ga enwe ?d?d? okirikiri ma ? b?r? na ? nagh? agbaghar? na ellipsoidal ma ? b?r?. Ka ? na agbaghar? ngwa ngwa, otu ah? ka ? na agh?wanye oblate ma ? b? ?b?na scalene. ? b?r? na a na eme ka ihe d? otu ah? na agbaghar? d? ?k? ruo mgbe ? gbazee, ?d?d? ya agagh? agbanwe. Ihe at? kachas? nj? nke ihe nwere ike ?b? scalene n'ihi nt?ghar? ngwa ngwa b? Haumea, nke d? okpukpu ab?? kar?a ogologo ya d? ka ? d? na poles. ? b?r? na ah? nwere nnukwu enyi d? nso, mgbe ah?, ike mmiri na eji nway?? nway?? na ebelata nt?ghar? ya ruo mgbe ? na emechi; ya b?, ? na enye otu ihu ah? mgbe niile na enyi ya. Ozu nd? e mechiri emechi na mmiri na ab?kwa scalene, ? b? ezie na mgbe ?f?d? ? b? ntak?r?. ?nwa nke ?wa na emechi, d? ka satellites niile gbara gburugburu nke nnukwu gas. Pluto na Charon na ejik?ta ibe ha, d? ka Eris na Dysnomia, ma elegh? anya Orcus na Vanth.

Enwegh? oke ma ? b? oke nke mbara ala nd? d? obere, ebe ? b? na nd? ah? anagh? ak?wap?ta ihe nd? d?. Enwegh? oke elu doro anya: ihe d? anya na usoro anyanw? nke buru ibu kar?a Mercury nwere ike ? gagh? enwe oge iji kpochap? nd? agbata obi ya; ihe d? otu ah? ga adaba na nk?wa nke mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? kar?a mbara ala. 'ezie, Mike Brown malitere ?ch?ta ihe d? otu ah?. A na ekpebi njedebe d? ala site na ihe ach?r? iji nweta ma jigide nguzozi hydrostatic, mana nha ma ? b? ?d? ar? nke ihe na enweta ma na ejigide nguzoji ma dabere na ihe mejup?tara ya na ak?k? okpom?k? ya, ? b?gh? naan? ?d? ar? ya. [1] Ngalaba aj?j? na az?za IAU mere at?mat? na ihe nd? nwere oke kar?r? 0.5 × 1021 kg na radius kar?r? 400 km<span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwAjw"> </span> ga an? na nguzozi mmiri (?d?d? ... ga ekpebi site na ikike onwe ya), mana na ikpe niile ga ekpeba. [43] Nke [44] d? nso na ihe ka ? d? na 2019 ka a kwenyere na ? b? ihe d? ka njedebe maka ihe nd? kar?r? Neptune nke zuru oke, ihe siri ike, na Salacia (r = 423±11 km, At?:Mvar = At?:Val ) b? ihe d? n'oke maka at?manya 2006 Q&A na nyocha nd? ?z? na ad?begh? anya, yana Orcus d? n'elu oke a t?r? anya ya. Enwegh? ihe ?z? nwere oke a t?r? anya ya d? nso na oke a t?r? aro ya, ? b? ezie na ?t?t? nd? na-enwegh? oke a t?r? at? na eru nso na oke oke a t?r?.

?n? ?g?g? nke mbara ala nd? d? obere [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Ihe osise nke nha, albedos, na agba nke ?f?d? n'ime ihe nd? kas? ukwuu trans-Neptunian

At?:TNO imagemap Enwegh? nk?wa doro anya banyere ihe mejup?tara mbara ala d? mkpirikpi, na ma ?hazi ihe d? ka mmad? d? n'aka nd? na enyocha mbara igwe. Ya mere, a magh? ?n? ?g?g? nke mbara ala nd? d? obere na usoro anyanw?.

Ihe at? a na at?le n'oge ar?m?ka na eduga na 2006 IAU nabatara ?d? mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? - Ceres, Pluto na Eris - n'ozuzu ha nabatara d? ka mbara ala d? obere, g?nyere nd? na enyocha mbara igwe na aga n'ihu na ekewa mbara ala d? ka mbara igwe. [45] otu n'ime ha - Pluto - ka a h?la n'?z? zuru ezu iji ch?p?ta na ?d?d? ya ugbu a dabara na ihe a ga at? anya ya site na nguzozi mmiri. Ceres [46] nso na nguzozi, mana ?f?d? nsogbu ike nd?da ka na enwegh? nk?wa. A na ewere Eris d? ka mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? n'ihi na ? buru ibu kar?a Pluto.

N'usoro nch?p?ta, ah? at? a b?:

  1. [46] Ceres - ch?p?tara na Jen?war? 1, 1801 ma kwup?ta Jen?war?war? 24, af? 45 tupu Neptune . A na ewere ya d? ka mbara ala ruo ?kara nar? af? tupu a gbanwee ya d? ka asteroid. IAU weere ya d? ka obere mbara ala kemgbe a nabatara Resolution 5A na August 24, 2006. A na echere nkwenye. ⚳ 
  2. [47] Pluto - ch?p?tara na February 18, 1930 ma kwup?ta na March 13. A na ewere ya d? ka mbara ala ruo af? 76. N'?z? doro anya, IAU weputara ya dika obere mbara ala na mkpebi 6A na August 24, 2006. [1] Af? ise a ma ama. ♇⯓ 
  3. Eris (2003 UB313) - ch?p?tara na Jen?war? 5, 2005 ma kwup?ta na Jula? 29. A na akp? ya "planet nke iri" na ak?k? mgbasa ozi. IAU weere ya d? ka obere mbara ala kemgbe a nabatara mkpebi 5A na August 24, 2006, ma k?mitii aha obere Mbara ala nke iri kp?r? ya aha na September 13 nke af? ah?. Otu ?nwa a maara. ⯰

IAU guzobere ntuziaka nke k?mitii [34] -ah? maka aha nke mbara ala nd? d? obere: ihe ? b?la a na akp?gh? aha trans-Neptunian nke nwere oke ?k? kar?a +1 (ya mere, obere dayameta nke 838 km na oke geometric albedo nke 1) [48] ga akp? aha site na k?mitii jik?tara ?n? nke mejup?tara Minor Planet Center na igwe ?r? mbara ala nke IAU.  N'oge ah? (ma ka na erule 2023), naan? nd? ruru eru a b? Haumea na Makemake. [49] [50] na ewere ihe nd? a d? ka mbara ala nd? d? obere, ? b? ezie na egosighi na ha n? na nguzozi mmiri, ma enwere ?f?d? ngh?tahie maka Haumea: At?:Ordered list Ihe ise [51] - at? a na at?le na 2006 (Pluto, Ceres na Eris) gbakwunyere ab?? a kp?r? aha na 2008 (Haumea na Makemake) - a na egosikar? d? ka mbara ala nd? d? obere nke usoro anyanw?, ? b? ezie na ihe na egbochi (albedo) ab?gh? ihe na-ak?wa ihe d? ka mbara igwe d? obere.

Nd? [52] -enyocha mbara igwe na ezo aka na TNOs nd? ?z? buru ibu d? ka mbara ala nd? d? obere. ? d?kar?a ala ihe an? ?z? na emezu ?kp?r? mb? nke Brown, nke Tancredi et al., na nke Grundy et al. maka ?ch?p?ta mbara ala nd? d? obere, nd? na-enyocha mbara igwe na akp?kwa ha mbara ala nd? pere mpe: At?:Ordered list D?ka ?m?maat?, JPL / NASA kp?r? Gonggong obere mbara ala mgbe ? ch?p?tara na 2016, [53] na Simon Porter nke Southwest Research Institute kwuru banyere "nnukwu mbara ala asat? [TNO] obere" na 2018, na ezo aka na Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna na Orcus. [54] IAU [55] 'onwe ya akp?wo Quaoar obere mbara ala na ak?k? kwa af? 2022-2023.

[56] t?wo aro nd? ?z?, d? ka Salacia na 2002 MS4 site na Brown, Varuna na Ixion site na Tancredi et al., na 2013 FY27 site na Sheppard et al. ?t?t? n'ime ihe nd? buru ibu nwere ?nwa, nke na eme ka a ch?p?ta ?d? ar? ha ma si otu a nwee ?n? ?g?g? ha, nke na'eme at?mat? ma ha nwere ike ?b? obere mbara ala. TNO nd? kachas? ukwuu a na amagh? na ha nwere ?nwa b? Sedna, 2002 MS4, 2002 AW197 na Ixion. Kar?s?a, Salacia nwere oke na dayameta a maara nke ?ma na etinye ya d? ka ikpe d? n'oke site na aj?j? na az?za IAU nke af? 2006.

[57] 'oge a kp?r? Makemake na Haumea aha, a na-ignore="true" typeof="mw:Entity">- na ihe nd? trans-Neptunian (TNOs) nwere ice ga ach? naan? ihe d? ka kilomita 400 (250 mi), ma ? b? 3% nke nha ?wa - nha ?nwa Mimas, ?nwa kachas? nta nke gbara gburugburu, na Proteus, nke kachas? ukwuu nke na ab?gh? - iji zuru ike n'ime nguzozi ike nd?da.       Nd? -eme nch?p?ta chere na ?n? ?g?g? nke ihe nd? d? otu ah? nwere ike ?b? ihe d? ka 200 na belt Kuiper, na ?t?t? puku nd? ?z? kar?a. [57] Nke a b? otu n'ime ihe kpatara ya (?n?gide na ndep?ta nke 'planets' na ?n? ?g?g? ezi uche d? na ya) na e weghachiri Pluto na mb?. Nnyocha kemgbe ah? emeela ka obi ab?? d?r? na echiche ah? b? na ihe nd? d? obere nwere ike iru ma ? b? n?gide na enwe nguzozi n'okpuru ?n?d? nke Kuiper belt na kar?a.

Nd? na enyocha mbara igwe n'otu n'otu amatala ?t?t? ihe d? ka mbara ala nd? d? obere ma ? b? d? ka ha ga ab? mbara ala nd? pere mpe. N'af? 2008, Tancredi et al. d?r? IAU ?d? ka ha nabata Orcus, Sedna na Quaoar d? ka mbara ala nd? d? obere (a magh? Gonggong), ? b? ezie na IAU emegh? okwu ah? n'oge ah? ma ? b?gh? kemgbe ah?. [58] t?lekwara TNOs ise Varuna, Ixion, 2003 AZ84, 2004 GV9, na 2002 AW197 ka ha b?r?kwa mbara ala nd? d? obere. [59] af? 2011, Brown edebewo ndep?ta nke ?t?t? nar? ihe, site na "ihe f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r? ihe doro anya" ruo "ihe nwere ike" obere mbara ala, dabere naan? na nha e mere at?mat?. ? na erule 13 Septemba 2019, ndep?ta Brown na-ak?wa ihe iri trans-Neptunian nwere obosara nke e chere na ? kar?r? 900 km (nke an? IAU kp?r? aha tinyere Gonggong, Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, 2002 MS4 na Salacia) d? ka "ihe f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r?" ka ? b?r? obere mbara ala, na nd? ?z? 16, nke nwere obosata kar?a 600 km, d? ka "nke nwere ike ?b?".   N'?z? d? ?r?ba ama, Gonggong nwere ike ?nwe obosara buru ibu (1230±50 km) kar?a ?nwa gbara gburugburu nke Pluto b? Charon (1212 km). 

Mana n'af? 2019 Grundy et al. t?r? aro, dabere na ?m?m? ha banyere G?kun??homdima, na ihe gbara ?ch?ch?r?, nke d? ala kar?a ihe d? ka 900-1000 kilomita n'obosara, d? ka Salacia na Varda, adagh? kpamkpam n'ime ihe nd? siri ike nke mbara ala ma na ejigide oghere d? n'ime site na mmep?ta ha (n'?n?d? ah? ha enwegh? ike ?b? obere mbara ala).  Ha na-anabata na Orcus na Quaoar na-egbuke egbuke (albedo > ?0.2) ma ? b? na-eguzogide (> ?1.4 g/cc) ma elegh? anya siri ike: [44]   E mechara ch?p?ta na Salacia nwere ?n? ?g?g? d? elu, nke a p?r? iji t?nyere nke Orcus, ? b? ezie na ? ka nwere oke ?ch?ch?r?. [60] 'agbanyegh? mkpebi siri ike a, Grundy et al. na akp? ya "nke d? ka mbara ala", mgbe ? na akp? Orcus mbara ala d? mkp?mkp?. Nnyocha nd? [61] mere mgbe e mes?r? na Varda na at? aro na ?n? ?g?g? ya nwekwara ike ?d? elu, ? b? ezie na enwegh? ike iwepu ?n? ?g?g? d? ala.

N'af? 2023, Emery et al. dere na spectroscopy nke James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) na 2022 na at? aro na Sedna, Gonggong, na Quaoar nwere agbaze n'ime, ?d?iche, na mgbanwe kem?kal, d? ka nnukwu mbara ala Pluto, Eris, Haumea, na Makemake, mana n'ad?gh? ka "obere KBOs niile". Nke a b? n'ihi na hydrocarbons d? n'elu ha (d?ka ethane, acetylene, na ethylene), nke na egosi na a na-aga n'ihu na-enyeghachi methane, nakwa na methane ga esi na geochemistry d? n'ime. N'aka nke ?z?, elu Sedna, Gonggong, na Quaoar nwere obere CO na CO 2 , yiri Pluto, Eris, na Makemake, mana n'ad?gh? ka obere ah?. Nke na-egosi na ?n? ?z? maka obere planethood na mpaghara trans-Neptunian d? ihe d? ka 1000 km n'obosara (ya mere g?nyere naan? Pluto, Eris, Haumea, Makemake, Sedna, Gonggong, na Quaoar), nakwa na ?b?na Orcus na Salacia nwere ike ? gagh? ab? obere mbara ala.   [62] 2023 nke 2002 MS4 na egosi na o nwere ike ?b? na ? nwere nnukwu oghere, nke omimi ya na ewe 5.7% nke dayameta ya: nke a buru ibu kar?a oghere Rheasilvia na Vesta, nke b? ihe mere na a nagh? ele Vesta anya d? ka obere mbara ala taa.

O yikar?r? ka ? b? mbara ala nd? d? obere [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Ihe trans-Neptunian d? na teb?l nd? a, ma e wez?ga Orcus na Salacia, Brown, Tancredi et al., Grundy et al., na Emery et al. kwenyere na ha nwere ike ?b? mbara ala d? mkp?mkp?, ma ? b? d? nso na ya. A g?nyere Orcus na Salacia d? ka TNOs kachas? ukwuu nke a na ekwenyegh? na ha b? mbara ala nd? d? obere; ha b? ihe nd? d? n'oke site n'?t?t? ?kp?r?. Charon, ?nwa nke Pluto nke IAU chep?tara d? ka obere mbara ala na 2006, g?nyere maka nt?nyere. Ihe nd? ah? nwere oke oke kar?a +1, wee zute ?n? ?z? nke k?mitii aha mbara ala- mbara ala nke IAU, na egosip?ta, d? ka Ceres, nke IAU chere na ? b? obere mbara ala kemgbe ha r?r?tara ?ka banyere echiche ah?.

A na edep?ta ?d? ar? nke mbara ala nd? d? obere maka usoro ha (ma ? b?r? na ha nwere satellites) ma e wez?ga Pluto na Orcus.

Agwa nd? na-agba gburugburu
Aha ya Ogbe nke Usoro Anyanw?
Orbital radius ( AU )
Oge okirikiri (af?)
Nkezi ?s? okirikiri (km/s)
Mmet?ta nke ecliptic<br id="mwA1A"> Orbital eccentricity<br id="mwA1M"> Onye na-akpa oke mbara ala<br id="mwA1Y">
Ceres Asteroid belt 2.768 4.604 17.90 10.59° 0.079 0.3
Orcus Kuiper belt (na-ada ?da - 2:3) 39.40 247.3 4.75 20.58° 0.220 0.003
Pluto Kuiper belt (na-ada ?da - 2:3) 39.48 247.9 4.74 17.16° 0.249 0.08
Salacia Kuiper belt (cubewano) 42.18 274.0 4.57 23.92° 0.106 0.003
Haumea Kuiper belt (na-ada ?da - 12:7) 43.22 284.1 4.53 28.19° 0.191 0.02
Quaoar Kuiper belt (cubewano) 43.69 288.8 4.51 7.99° 0.040 0.007
Ime ka ? b?r? ihe Kuiper belt (cubewano) 45.56 307.5 4.41 28.98° 0.158 0.02
Gonggong Diski gbasas?r? agbasa (resonant - 3:10) 67.49 554.4 3.63 30.74° 0.503 0.01
Eris Diski gbasas?r? 67.86 559.1 3.62 44.04° 0.441 0.1
Sedna Nd? a t?hap?r? 506.8 ? 11,400  ? 1.3  11.93° 0.855 < 0.07
Other attributes
Name Diameter

relative to

the Moon 		Diameter

(km) 		Mass

relative to

the Moon 		Mass

( At?:E kg) 		Density

(g/cm 3 ) 		Rotation <br id="mwA-k"><br> period

(hours) 		Moons Albedo H
Ceres 27% At?:Val 1.3% At?:Val At?:Val At?:Val 0 At?:Val 3.33
At?:Dp 26% At?:Val 0.8% At?:Val At?:Val At?:Val 1 At?:Val 2.19
Pluto 68% At?:Val 17.7% At?:Val At?:Val data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |6d 9.3h 5 data-sort-value=" At?:Val " | At?:Val ?0.45
(Charon) 35% At?:Val 2.2% At?:Val At?:Val data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |6d 9.3h ? data-sort-value=" At?:Val " | At?:Val 1
At?:Dp 24% At?:Val 0.7% At?:Val At?:Val At?:Val 1 0.04 4.27
At?:Dp ? 45% data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |? 1560 [49] 5.5% At?:Val data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |? 2.02 [49] At?:Val 2 data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |? 0.66 0.23
At?:Dp 32% At?:Val 1.9% At?:Val At?:Val At?:Val 1 At?:Val 2.42
Makemake 41% At?:Val ? 4.2% data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |? 3.1 At?:Val At?:Val 1 At?:Val ?0.20
Gonggong 35% At?:Val 2.4% At?:Val At?:Val At?:Val ? 1 At?:Val 1.86
Eris 67% At?:Val 22.4% At?:Val At?:Val data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |15d 18.9h 1 At?:Val ?1.21
At?:Dp 26% At?:Val ? 1%? data-sort-value=" At?:Val " |? 1? ? At?:Val 0? At?:Val 1.52

Ihe nn?chianya [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Ceres [63] na Pluto nwetara akara mbara ala, ebe a na ewere ha d? ka mbara ala mgbe a ch?p?tara ha. ⚳♇Ka ? na erule oge a ch?tara nd? ?z?, akara mbara ala anagh?zi eji ya eme ihe n'etiti nd? na enyocha mbara igwe. [64] [65] [66] Unicode g?nyere akara maka mbara ala nd? d? obere Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, Haumea, Eris, Makemake, na Gonggong nke nd? na ag? kpakpando na ejikar? eme ihe: ? b? Denis Moskowitz, onye injinia ngwanr? na Massachusetts chep?tara ha. 🝾⯲🝿🝻⯰🝼🝽[65] [67] ejirila akara Haumea, Eris, na Makemake ya, yana akara kpakpando ?d?nala maka Pluto [1] mgbe ? na ezo aka na ya d? ka obere mbara ala. [2] ⯓[65] t?wo aro ihe nn?chianya maka nd? ?z? a kp?r? aha, mana ha enwegh? ojiji n'etiti nd? na ag? kpakpando. [65] Unicode maka Quaoar, Orcus, Haumea, Makemake, na Gonggong kp?t?r? aha akara nd? a maka ihe nd? a kp?r? aha kar?r? kilomita 600 n'obosara: Salacia ma ? b?, Varda, Ixion ma ? b?, G?kun??homdima, na Varuna. ~

Nnyocha [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Obere mbara ala Ceres, d? ka ?gb? mbara igwe NASA Dawn si see

[68] Mach? 6, 2015, ?gb? mbara igwe Dawn banyere gburugburu Ceres, na agh? ?gb? mbara igwe mb? letara mbara ala d? obere. N'abal? iri na an? n'?nwa Jula? n'af? 2015, Pluto na ?nwa ise ya gbara ?gb? elu New Horizons.

Ceres na egosip?ta ihe akaebe d? otu ah? nke geology na ar? ?r? d? ka nnu na cryovolcanos, ebe Pluto nwere ugwu mmiri-ice na agaghar? na nitrogen-ice glaciers, yana ikuku d? ?r?ba ama. O doro anya na Ceres nwere nnu na abanye n'okpuru ala ya, ebe enwere ihe akaebe na Pluto nwere oke osimiri d? n'okpuru.

Dawn agbaala gburugburu asteroid Vesta n'oge gara aga. ?nwa Saturn b? Phoebe ka Cassini sere na tupu nke ah? site na Voyager 2, nke zutekwara ?nwa Neptune b? Triton. Ihe at? ah? niile na egosi ihe akaebe nke ?b? obere mbara ala, nch?p?ta ha na enyere aka mee ka evolush?n nke obere mbara ala doo anya.

New Horizons ejidewo foto nd? d? anya nke Triton, Quaoar, Haumea, Eris, na Makemake, yana obere nd? Ixion, 2002 MS4, na 2014 OE394. [69] Otu [70] 'ime nyocha ab?? Interstellar Express nke China National Space Administration at?wo aro ileta Quaoar na 2040. [1]

Ihe nd? yiri ya [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

?t?t? ihe yiri mbara ala nd? d? obere. Nd? a g?nyere mbara ala nd? d? obere, nke nwere ike ?nwe ?d?d? nguzozi ma ? b? ihe akaebe nke geology na ar? ?r?; ?nwa nd? d? na mbara ala, nke na ezute nk?wa an? ah? ma ? b?gh? nk?wa nke okirikiri maka mbara ala d? obere; na Charon na usoro Pluto-Charon, nke nwere obi ab?? na ab? mbara ala d? mkp?mkp?. ?d? nd? a nwere ike ikwek?: Triton, d?ka ?m?maat?, b? ma mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? na ?nwa d? mkp?ikpi.

Mbara ala nd? d? obere n'oge gara aga [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Triton, d? ka Voyager 2 si see ya. A na eche na Triton b? obere mbara ala e jidere.

[71] Vesta, ihe na esote nke kachas? ukwuu na belt asteroid mgbe Ceres gas?r?, n? na nguzozi hydrostatic ma b?r? ihe d? gburugburu, na agbag?kar? n'ihi nnukwu mmet?ta nke mep?tara craters Rheasilvia na Veneneia mgbe ? siri ike. [72] [73] ekwek?gh? na ? n? ugbu a na nguzozi mmiri. [74] Triton buru ibu kar?a Eris ma ? b? Pluto, nwere ?d?d? nguzozi, a na eche na ? b? mbara ala d? mkp?mkp? (ma elegh? anya ? b? onye otu usoro ab??), mana ? nagh?zi agba anyanw? gburugburu. Phoebe b? centaur e jidere nke, d? ka Vesta, anagh?zi na nguzozi hydrostatic, mana a na eche na ? d? na mbido ak?k? ihe mere eme ya n'ihi okpom?k? radiogenic.

Ihe akaebe sitere na 2019 na egosi na Theia, mbara ala mb? nke zutere ?wa na Echiche nke nnukwu mmet?ta, nwere ike ?malite na usoro anyanw? d? n'ezi kar?a usoro anyanw? d? na ya nakwa na mmiri nke ?wa malitere na Theia. [75]

?nwa nd? d? na mbara ala [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

? d?kar?a ala ?nwa iri na itoolu nwere ?d?d? nguzozi site na izu ike n'okpuru ikike nd?da onwe onye n'oge ?f?d?, ? b? ezie na ?f?d? ejirila kp?nw?r? akp?nw? ma gharazi na nguzozi. asaa buru ibu kar?a Eris ma ? b? Pluto. ?nwa nd? a ab?gh? ihe d? iche na mbara ala nd? d? obere, mana ha adabagh? na nk?wa IAU n'ihi na ha anagh? agba anyanw? gburugburu. (N'ezie, ?nwa Neptune b? Triton b? obere mbara ala e jidere, na Ceres guzobere n'otu mpaghara nke usoro anyanw? d? ka ?nwa nke Jupiter na Saturn.) Alan Stern na akp? ?nwa nd? d? na mbara ala "planets satellite", otu n'ime ?d? at? nke mbara ala, tinyere obere mbara ala na mbara ala oge ochie. [25] Okwu ah? [76] planemo ("ihe d? na mbara ala") na ekpuchi nd? mmad? at? ah?.

Charon [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Enweela ar?m?ka ?f?d? gbasara ma a ga ewere usoro Pluto-Charon d? ka mbara ala dwarf ab??. Na a draft mkpebi maka IAU definition nke mbara ala, ma Pluto na Charon e weere mbara ala na a ?n??g? ab?? usoro.[lower-alpha 3] The IAU ugbu a na ekwu Charon na ad?gh? na ewere a dwarf planet kama a Satellite nke Pluto, ? b? ezie na echiche. na Charon nwere ike iru eru d? ka mbara ala dwarf nwere ike ?t?le n'oge ?z?. Ka o sina d?, o dochagh? anya na Charon n? n'usoro hydrostatic. ?z?kwa, ebe ebe barycenter na adabere ? b?gh? nan? na ?n? ?g?g? nd? ikwu nke an? ah?, kamakwa n'ebe d? anya n'etiti ha; Barycenter nke Sun?Jupiter orbit, d?ka ?m?maat?, d? na mp?ga anyanw?, mana anagh? ewere ha d? ka ihe ?n??g? ab??. Ya mere, a ga emer?r? nk?wap?ta nke ihe mejup?tara mbara ala ?n??g? ab?? (dwarf) tupu Pluto na Charon ak?wap?ta nke ?ma d? ka mbara ala dwarf ?n??g? ab??.

H?kwa [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

  

Ihe edeturu [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

At?:Notelist

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  2. ↑ Philip T. Metzger (1 March 2022). " Moons Are Planets: Scientific Usefulness Versus Cultural Teleology in the Taxonomy of Planetary Science ". Icarus 374 . DOI : 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768 . Retrieved on May 30, 2022 .  
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