Demeny voting

obere ?d? nke	proxy voting
A g?r? aha	Demeny Pal

Ntuli aka Demeny b? ndokwa nke olu nd?r? nd?r? ?ch?ch? maka ?m?aka site n'ihapu ha ka nd? nne na nna ma ? b? nd? nlek?ta votu n'aha ha. Warren C. Sanderson chep?tara okwu a n'ime af? 2007. ^[1] N'okpuru usoro ntuli aka Demeny, nne ma ? b? nna ? b?la ga-at? vootu nn?chiteanya, nke ruru ?kara votu, maka nwa ? b?la n'ime ?m? ha na-adabere na ya, si otu a na-enye ohere maka votu nkewa ma ? b?r? na echiche nd?r? nd?r? ?ch?ch? nke nd? nne na nna d? iche. Ozugbo ?m?aka ruru af? ?t? vootu kacha nta, nd? m?r? ha agakwagh? at? vootu n'aha ha.

Ak?k? ihe mere eme [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Enyere Demeny aha onye na-edep?ta ?n? ?g?g? mmad? b? Paul Demeny, onye chep?tara echiche ah? n'ime af? 1986. Demeny r?r? ?ka na ?m?aka "ekwes?gh? ?hap? ikike maka ihe d? ka af? iri na asat?: ka nd? nne na nna na-elek?ta ?m?aka jiri ikike ?t? vootu ruo mgbe ha tozuru etozu." Ihe kpaliri Demeny n'?t? aro usoro d? otu ah? b? "ime ka usoro nd?r? nd?r? ?ch?ch? na-anabata ?d?mma ?gb? na-eto eto" ma b?r? ak?k? nke usoro iwu sara mbara nke ebumnuche ya b? ?l?so ?n? ?g?g? ?m?m? d? ala na mba ?f?d? ?g?. ^[2]

Otu osina di, echiche ah? t?r? echiche Demeny; a na-at?le ya mgbe niile na France n'ime af? 1920 ma ? f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r? na National Assembly nakweere ya. ^{[3] [4]}

Uru [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Aoki na Vaithianathan na-ar? ?ka na ntuli aka Demeny ziri ezi n'ihi na ? na-ebelata ?ch?ch? nd? agadi. Ha gbak?? na ntuli aka Demeny na Japan ga-eme ka nd? nne na nna na-at? vootu site na pasent iri ab?? na an? ruo pasenti iri at? na asaa ma belata nd? na-eme ntuli aka kar?r? af? 55 site na 43% ruo 35%. ^[5]

Stefan Olsson ^[6] na-ar? ?ka na "nd? nn?chiteanya nke ikike ?m?aka ?t? vootu ab?gh? onye ?b?a kar?a mgbe nd? okenye na-ekenye ikike nd?r? nd?r? ?ch?ch? n'aka onye nn?chi anya ha ah?p?tara. Mgbe ntuli aka gas?r?, nd? nn?chi anya nwere ikike iji ikike a mee ihe. "(peeji nke iri asaa na otu). ? na-at? aro na inyefe ikike nwatak?r? n'aka nne ma ? b? nna b? ihe ezi uche d? na ya. Olsson na-ekwukwa na e nwere ebe nd? ?z? ebe a na-ekenye nd? nne na nna ikike d?ka ihe nwatak?r? na-eri, ebe ? na-aga ?l? akw?kw?, nd? nne na nna na-an?chite anya ?m?aka mgbe niile n'?l? ikpe. ? na-ekwu na "?r? ?ka na nd? nne na nna enwegh? ike ?r? ?r? d? ka onye nn?chi anya ?m? ha n'ihi na ha nwere ike iji ?n?d? ha mee ihe n'?z? na-ezigh? ezi na-agh? ihe nzuzu ma e jiri ya t?nyere ikike nd? ?z? niile nd? nne na nna nwere n'ebe ?m? ha n?." (peeji nke iri asaa na ab??).

?gh?m [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

Nd? mmegide na-ah? ?t? vootu Demeny d? ka mmebi nke ?kp?r? ?kp?r? nke ?ch?ch? onye kwuo uche ya: 'otu onye, otu votu'. Ha na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ah? b? na ?m?aka na-erubegh? af? ?t? vootu nwere ike inwe echiche nd?r? nd?r? ?ch?ch? d? iche iche ma si otu a h?r? nd? otu d? iche iche kar?a nd? m?r? ha. Kama nke ah?, ha ga-enwe nnukwu votu maka otu pati ha na-ah?r? (ma na-ah?r?bu).

Mgbanwe [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]

N'ime af? 1998, na One Child, One Vote: Proxies for Parents, pr?fes? iwu ezin?l? Jane Rutherford weere ntuli aka n'aha ?m?aka d? ka ?z? isi nweta nn?chi anya ziri ezi nke ?d?mma ha na ar?m?ka nd?r? nd?r? ?ch?ch? na gburugburu United States. D? ka ?kp?r? maka onye kwes?r? ijide nd? nn?chi anya maka ?m?aka, ? t?r? aro ihe nd? a: "(Otu) onye nn?chi anya kwes?r? inwe oke na nnukwu ?r? ya na nwa ah?; (Ab??) onye nn?chi anya kwes?r? ?ma mkpa na ?n?d? nke nwatak?r? ah?; (Ato) nwatak?r? ah? kwes?r? inwe ohere d? njikere na ugboro ugboro ugboro na onye nn?chi anya ya ka nwatak?r? ah? wee nwee ike ikwup?ta onwe ya n'okwu nke ya mgbe ? b?la o kwere omume; (Ano) onye nn?chi anya kwes?r? ?za aj?j? nye nwatak?r? ah? n'?z? ?f?d?, ma ? b? n'?z? mmet?ta uche ma ? b? n'?z? iwu; na (Ise) onye nn?chi anya kwes?r? iso nwatak?r? ah? nwee mmek?r?ta mmet?ta uche nke na-akwalite nlek?ta, ?m?iko, na ?m?iko. "

Edensibia [ dezie | dezie ebe o si ]