, nke a makwaara d? ka
Ju
(//'d?uː// JOO), b? as?s? na-aga n'ihu (as?s? d? mgbagwoju anya) nke nd? Chou na-as? na
Namibia
,
Botswana
, na
Angola
, na-eme ka as?s? ab?? ma ? b? at?. Ya na as?s? a na-as? n'as?s? a na-akp? "Sa" b? as?s? a na na-akp? Kx'a. ? b? otu n'ime alaka nke ezin?l? as?s? Khoisan, a na-akp?kwa ya Northern Khoisan n'?n?d? ah?, mana egosighi ?d? n'otu Nd? Khoisan ma ugbu a a na-ewere ya d? ka ihe na-ab?gh? eziokwu. o sina d?, a na-ejigide okwu anthropological "Khoisan" d? ka okwu nchebe maka as?s? click n'ozuzu.
A na-ejikar? okwu ah?, ma ? b? ?d? ya, eme ihe mgbe a na-at?le olumba d? iche iche ka ha b?r? otu as?s?; a na-ejikwa
Ju
eme ihe mgbe ? na-at? anya ha d? ka obere ezin?l? as?s?. A na-ejikwa ya eme ihe mgbe ?f?d? maka olumba nd? d? n'ebe ugwu / n'ebe
?h?a
anyanw?, n'ad?gh? ka olumba nd? e dere nke ?ma na nd?da (?w?wa anyanw?); Otu ? d?, nd? na-as? ihe f?r? nke nta ka ? b?r? olumba niile na-akp? onwe ha Olumba '
Kung'
.
As?s? nd? a na-ah? n'akw?kw? nd? na-ad?begh? anya nwere njik? na ?d? Ju Xi Xi Xi Xi Wu (u) n na orthography nke af? 1975, ma ? b? Xi Wu (o) n na orthhography d? ugbu a. As?s? nd? ?z? a na-as?pe b?: na As?s? nd? a na-akp?, Kung, Qxu, Xu, Xu. , Xun. , [1] na As? as?s? nd? ?z? a kp?r?,
Ju
.
? b?r? na a g?k?ta as?s? nd? a, ha ga-ab? as?s? nke at? kachas? nwee ?n? ?g?g? mmad? na-esote
Khoekhoe
na Sandawe. ?d? nd? kas? nwee ?n? ?g?g? mmad?, Ju?hoan, nwere ike ?b? nke at? na Naro.
At?mat? d?gas? iche, mana enwere ike inwe ihe d? ka nd? ?ka okwu 15,000. ?g? ?n? siri ike n'ihi na nd? na-as? ya gbasara n'ugbo, na nd? na'as? as?s? nd? ?z?, mana Brenzinger (2011) g?r? 9,000 na Namibia, 2,000 na Botswana, 3,700 na South Africa na 1,000 na Angola (site na ma elegh? anya 8,000 na 1975).
Ruo n'etiti ngw?cha nar? af? nke iri ab??, as?s? nd? d? n'ebe ugwu jup?tara na nd?da na etiti Angola. Otu ? d?, ?t?t? n'ime nd? Angolan gbagara Namibia (kar?s?a na Caprivi Strip), ebe a kp?batara ha n'ime Nd? agha Nchebe South Africa megide nd? agha Angola na SWAPO. ngw?cha Agha Mpaghara, a kp?gara ihe kar?r? otu puku nd? agha na ezin?l? ha na Schmidtsdrift na South Africa n'etiti ejigh? n'aka maka ?d?nihu ha na Namibia. Mgbe ihe kar?r? af? iri biri '?n?d? d? egwu, g??ment? na-esote ?kpa oke agb?r? z?r? ma nye ala maka ebe obibi na-ad?gide ad?gide na Platfontein, nso Schmidtsdrift.
As?s? nd? a ma ama b? Tsumkwe Ju?, Ekoka, O?, na O?. Nd? ?ka mm?ta na-eme ka ?d?iche d? n'etiti ire okwu iri na otu na iri na ise, mana okeala ya edogh? anya. E nwere ?d?iche doro anya n'etiti North / Northwest vs South / South East, kamakwa otu d? iche iche d? n'etiti nke a na-ejigh? n'aka.
Heine & Honken (2010) kewara as?s? iri na otu a na-ede aha n'ime alaka at? nke ihe ha na-ewere d? ka otu as?s?:
As?s? nna nna, Proto-Juu ma ? b? Proto-Xuun, nwere ebe ise ?p? okwu: Dental, alveolar, palatal, alveOlar lateral, na retroflex (
*?
). Mkp?s? aka retroflex adaala n'as?s? nd?da ?w?wa anyanw? d? ka Ju?'hoan, mana ? ka d? na Central ?Kung. 'as?s? Okoka, ?p? ?n? agh?wo alveolar na-agbaji agbaji.
| Proto-Juu
|
* *Anya'
|
*?
'mmiri'
|
*?
|
| SE (Tsumkwe)
|
???
|
???
|
?
|
| N (Okongo)
|
???
|
???
|
?
|
| NW (Mangetti Dune)
|
???
|
???
|
?
|
| C (Neitsas/Nurugas)
|
??u
|
??u
|
?
|
- Ndep?ta okwu
(Wiktionary) .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
- Brenzinger (2011). "The twelve Modern Khoisan languages".
Khoisan Languages and Linguistics: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium, Riezlern / Kleinwalsertal
29
.
- Doke (Jul 1926). "The Phonetics of the Zulu Language".
Bantu Studies
2
.
ISSN
0256-1751
.
-
- Heine (2010). "
The Kx?a Family: A New Khoisan Genealogy
".
Journal of Asian and African Studies
(79): 5?36.
- Heine (2015).
The ?Xun Language: A Dialect Grammar of Northern Khoisan
, Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung, 33. Rudiger Koppe.
ISBN 9783896458773
.
- Miller (2011). "The Phonetics of the Modern-Day Reflexes of the Proto-Palatal Click in Juu Languages".
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics
.
- Robins (Apr 2001).
Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa ? An Assessment of the Status of the San in South Africa, Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe
. Windhoek, Namibia: Legal Assistance Centre (LAC).
ISBN 99916-765-4-6
. Retrieved on
Aug 31, 2017
.
- Sands (2010). "Juu Subgroups Based on Phonological Patterns".
Khoisian Language and Linguistics: The Riezlern Symposium 2003
: 85?114.
- Scott (Jun 2, 2010). "Retroflex Clicks in Two Dialects of ?Xung".
University of Botswana, Department of African Languages
.
- Suzman (Apr 2001).
Regional Assessment of the Status of the San in Southern Africa ? An Assessment of the Status of the San in Namibia
. Windhoek, Namibia: Legal Assistance Centre (LAC).
ISBN 99916-765-1-1
. Retrieved on
Aug 31, 2017
.
he kar?r? af? iri biri '?n?d? d? egwu, g??ment? na-esote ?kpa oke agb?r? z?r? ma nye ala maka ebe obibi na-ad?gide ad?gide na Platfontein, nsohe kar?r? af? iri biri '?n?d? d? egwu, g??ment? na-esote ?kpa oke agb?r? z?r? ma nye ala maka ebe obibi na-ad?gide ad?gide na Platfontein, nso