Viktor Bout

Viktor Bout
Viktor Bout
	Bout, 2010
Nama asal	Виктор Бут
Lahir	Viktor Anatolyevich Bout ; 13 Januari 1967 (umur 57) ; Dushanbe , Tajik SSR , Uni Soviet
Nama lain	Merchant of Death ; Sanctions Buster ; Vadim Markovich Aminov ; Viktor Bulakin ; Viktor Butt ; Viktor Budd ; Boris
Status kriminal	Kembali ke Rusia sebagai bagian dari pertukaran tahanan
Suami/istri	Alla Bout ( m. 1992)
Anak	1

Viktor Anatolyevich Bout ( / b uː t / ; bahasa Rusia : Виктор Анатольевич Бут ; lahir 13 Januari 1967) adalah seorang pedagang senjata asal Rusia. Dia merupakan pengusaha dan mantan penerjemah militer Soviet , dia menggunakan banyak perusahaannya untuk menyelundupkan senjata mulai dari runtuhnya Uni Soviet dari Eropa Timur ke Afrika dan Timur Tengah selama tahun 1990-an dan awal 2000-an. ^[3]^[4] Bout mendapatkan julukan " Merchant of Death " dan " Sanctions Buster " setelah menteri pemerintah Inggris Peter Hain membaca laporan kepada Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa pada tahun 2003 tentang operasi Bout yang luas jangkauannya, klien yang luas, dan kesediaan untuk menghindari embargo . ^[5]

Dari Juni 2012 hingga Desember 2022, Bout berada di Penjara Marion, ^[6]^[7] sebelum dibebaskan dalam pertukaran tahanan dengan pemain bola basket Brittney Griner . ^[8]

Referensi [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

^ Light, Felix (1 August 2022). "Who is Viktor Bout, arms dealer linked to swap for Americans held by Moscow?" . Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggris) . Diakses tanggal 1 August 2022 .
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "United States of America v. Viktor Bout" (dalam bahasa Inggris). 5 February 2012 . Diakses tanggal 8 December 2022 .
^ Victor Bout's Personal Website, FAQ Diarsipkan 7 June 2009 di Wayback Machine .. Victorbout.com.
^ Campbell, Duncan; MacKinnon, Ian (7 March 2008). " ' Lord of war' arms trafficker arrested" . The Guardian . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 January 2017.
^ "Viktor Bout" Diarsipkan 23 September 2008 di Wayback Machine .. BBC Profile.
^ "Inmate Locator" . Federal Bureau of Prisons . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 December 2012 . Diakses tanggal 22 January 2011 .
^ "'Merchant of Death' Viktor Bout sentenced to 25 years" Diarsipkan 4 July 2018 di Wayback Machine ..
^ Ganguli, Tania; Abrams, Jonathan; Bubola, Emma (8 December 2022). "What We Know About Brittney Griner's Release From Russia" . The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331 . Diakses tanggal 8 December 2022 .

Daftar pustaka [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Estulin, Daniel Shadow Masters Oregon: Trine Day, 2010. ISBN 978-0979988616 . The author spent six months attending court hearings and interviewing Bout in prison.

Pranala luar [ sunting | sunting sumber ]

Cached copy of Victor Bout's Personal Website
Indictment of Viktor Bout, 6 May 2008, U.S. Department of Justice, Southern District of New York Diarsipkan 2014-03-27 di Wayback Machine .
"U.S. Announces New Indictment Against International Arms Dealer Viktor Bout and American Co-Conspirator for Money Laundering, Wire Fraud, and Conspiracy" , Press Release, United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 17 February 2010
Indictment of Viktor Bout, 17 February 2010, U.S. Department of Justice, Southern District of New York
"Statement of Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara on the Conviction of Viktor Bout", Press Release, United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 2 November 2011
"International Arms Dealer Viktor Bout Sentenced in Manhattan Federal Court to 25 Years in Prison for Terrorism Crimes", Press Release, United States Attorney, Southern District of New York, 5 April 2012
"Who is Viktor Bout?" The Christian Science Monitor , 22 October 2009
Extensive background information on United States vs. Viktor Bout and related cases Diarsipkan 2011-02-04 di Wayback Machine . The Hague Justice Portal
Gallery of International Arms Dealers ? Victor Bout PBS Frontline/World
Arms and the Man . The New York Times Magazine profile of Viktor Bout
The World's Most Notorious Arms Trafficker (Audio/32min) WNYC interview with Douglas Farah and Stephen Braun WNYC
NPR interview of Douglas Farah and Stephen Braun National Public Radio, 11 July 2007
Brian Wood and Johan Peleman 1999, "The Arms Fixers", online version of report published by Basic Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers (NIST) and the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO)
"The deadly convenience of Victor Bout" International Relations and Security Network
Robert Eringer : "Viktor Bout & Monaco" , August 2010

[Light-1] Light, Felix (1 August 2022). "Who is Viktor Bout, arms dealer linked to swap for Americans held by Moscow?" . Reuters (dalam bahasa Inggris) . Diakses tanggal 1 August 2022 .

[United_States_of_America_v._Viktor_Bout-2] "United States of America v. Viktor Bout" (dalam bahasa Inggris). 5 February 2012 . Diakses tanggal 8 December 2022 .

[Bout_FAQ-3] Victor Bout's Personal Website, FAQ Diarsipkan 7 June 2009 di Wayback Machine .. Victorbout.com.

[4] Campbell, Duncan; MacKinnon, Ian (7 March 2008). " ' Lord of war' arms trafficker arrested" . The Guardian . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 January 2017.

[BBC_Profile-5] "Viktor Bout" Diarsipkan 23 September 2008 di Wayback Machine .. BBC Profile.

[BOP-6] "Inmate Locator" . Federal Bureau of Prisons . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 December 2012 . Diakses tanggal 22 January 2011 .

[BBC_News-7] "'Merchant of Death' Viktor Bout sentenced to 25 years" Diarsipkan 4 July 2018 di Wayback Machine ..

[8] Ganguli, Tania; Abrams, Jonathan; Bubola, Emma (8 December 2022). "What We Know About Brittney Griner's Release From Russia" . The New York Times (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0362-4331 . Diakses tanggal 8 December 2022 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman) ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat (via VIAF)
Perpustakaan nasional	Amerika Serikat Polandia
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology SUDOC (Prancis) 1