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yang berkaitan
- ^
"11rv ? Origin and background country by sex, by municipality, 1990?2020"
.
Statistics Finland
. Diarsipkan dari
versi asli
tanggal 1 June 2022
. Diakses tanggal
21 August
2021
.
- ^
"United Nations Population Division | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"
. United Nations
. Diakses tanggal
29 June
2018
.
- ^
Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008
ISBN
9780719078538
), he quotes
Nousiainen, Jaakko (June 2001). "From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland".
Scandinavian Political Studies
.
24
(2): 95?109.
doi
:
10.1111/1467-9477.00048
.
as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire. Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The 2012 constitutional amendments reduced the powers of the president even further.
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"Finland's preliminary population figure was 5,552,550 at the end of June 2022"
. Statistics Finland
. Diakses tanggal
22 July
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
"World Economic Outlook Database April 2022"
.
IMF.org
.
International Monetary Fund
. Diakses tanggal
19 June
2022
.
- ^
"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income"
.
Eurostat
. Diakses tanggal
7 August
2022
.
- ^
"Human Development Report 2021/2022"
(PDF)
(dalam bahasa Inggris).
United Nations Development Programme
. September 8, 2022
. Diakses tanggal
September 8,
2022
.
- ^
Ajanilmaukset
Diarsipkan
2017-10-20 di
Wayback Machine
. Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 2017-10-20