Kepercayaan dan praktik tradisional orang Afrika meliputi
agama-agama tradisional
.
[1]
[2]
Umumnya, tradisi tersebut lisan ketimbang tertulis,
[3]
[4]
yang meliputi kepercayaan dalam pencipta tertinggi, kepercayaan akan roh-roh,
penyembahan leluhur
, penggunaan sihir dan
pengobatan tradisional
.
[5]
[6]
Peran kemanusiaan umumnya dipandang sebagai salah satu alam yang terharmonisasikan dengan supranatural.
[6]
[7]
Meskipun penganut agama tradisional di Afrika sulit diperkirakan, para praktisionernya diperkirakan berjumlah lebih dari 100.000.000 orang, atau sekitar 10% dari penduduk di benua tersebut.
[8]
Agama-agama diaspora Afrika
juga dipraktikan dalam diaspora di benua Amerika, seperti
Candomble
,
Santeria
, dan
Vodou
.
[3]
[9]
Para praktisioner agama tradisional di Afrika Sub-Sahara tersebar pada 43 negara, dan diperkirakan berjumlah lebih dari 100 juta,
[8]
meskipun
agama di Afrika
terbesar adalah
Kristen
dan
Islam
.
- Information presented here was gleaned from
World Eras Encyclopaedia
, Volume 10, edited by Pierre-Damien Mvuyekure (New York: Thomson-Gale, 2003), in particular pp.?275?314.
- Baldick, J (1997)
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. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
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, page 159, University of Virginia Press,
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. York Beach, MA: Samuel Weiser Inc.
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.
African Religions and Western Scholarship
. Kampala:
East African Literature Bureau
, 1970.
- Princeton Online,
History of Africa
- Wiredu, Kwasi
Toward Decolonizing African Philosophy And Religion
in
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, Volume 1, Issue 4, 1998
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Molefi Asante
, Sage Publications, 1412936365
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Black God: the Afroasiatic roots of the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religions
. Syracuse University Press:
ISBN 0-8156-0522-6
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Kofi Asare Opoku | Publisher: FEP International Private Limited (1978), ASIN: B0000EE0IT
- John Mbiti
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(1969)
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, Heinemann
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- Ulli Beier
, ed.
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(London: Heinemann, 1966).
- Herbert Cole, Mbari: Art and Life among the Owerri Igbo (Bloomington: Indiana University press, 1982).
- J. B. Danquah
,
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, second edition (London: Cass, 1968).
- Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dietterlen,
Le Mythe Cosmogonique
(Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, 1965).
- Rems Nna Umeasigbu,
The Way We Lived: Ibo Customs and Stories
(London: Heinemann, 1969).
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Africa's Ogun: Old World and New
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989).
- Segun Gbadagesin,
African Philosophy: Traditional Yoruba Philosophy and Contemporary African Realities
(New York: Peter Lang, 1999).
- Judith Gleason,
Oya, in Praise of an African Goddess
(Harper Collins, 1992).
- Bolaji Idowu
,
God in Yoruba Belief
(Plainview: Original Publications, rev. and enlarged ed., 1995)
- Wole Soyinka
,
Myth, Literature and the African World
(Cambridge University Press, 1976).
- E. Geoffrey Parinder,
African Traditional Religion
, Third ed. (London: Sheldon Press, 1974).
ISBN 0-85969-014-8
pbk.
- E. Geoffrey Parinder, "Traditional Religion", in his
Africa's Three Religions
, Second ed. (London: Sheldon Press, 1976,
ISBN 0-85969-096-2
), p. [15-96].
- S. Solagbade Popoola,
Ikunle Abiyamo: It is on Bent Knees that I gave Birth
(2007 Asefin Media Publication)
- David Chidester, "Religions of South Africa" pp.?17?19
- Alisa LaGamma (2000).
Art and oracle: African art and rituals of divination
. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
ISBN
978-0-87099-933-8
.
- ^
Dr J.O. Awolalu, Studies in Comparative Religion Vol. 10, No. 2. (Spring, 1976).
- ^
"African religions"
.
- ^
a
b
Juergensmeyer, Mark (2006).
The Oxford Handbook Of Global Religions
.
ISBN
0-19-513798-1
.
- ^
S. Mbiti, John (1991).
Introduction to African religion
.
ISBN
0-435-94002-3
.
- ^
An African Story
BBC
- ^
a
b
Encyclopedia of African Religion (Sage, 2009)
Molefi Asante
- ^
What is religion? An African understanding
- ^
a
b
Britannica Book of the Year
(2003),
Encyclopædia Britannica
(2003)
ISBN 978-0-85229-956-2
p.306
Menurut
Encyclopædia Britannica
, pada pertengahan 2002, terdapat 480.453.000 Kristen, 329.869.000 Muslim dan 98.734.000 orang yang mempraktikan agama-agama tradisional di Afrika
Ian S. Markham,
A World Religions Reader
(1996) Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers
is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture (see Amadu Jacky Kaba). The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions.
The Western Journal of Black Studies
, Vol 29, Number 2, (June 2005), discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopediae, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed on figure. Notes the figure presented at the
World Christian Encyclopedia
, summarized here
Diarsipkan
2016-03-05 di
Wayback Machine
., as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see:
The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions
Diarsipkan
2007-05-21 di
Wayback Machine
., Foreign Policy, May 2007.
- ^
Anthony Appiah, Kwame; Louis Gates, Henry (2010).
Encyclopedia of Africa
.
ISBN
0-19-533770-0
.