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????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? Eutheria ???? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? Bovidae ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????
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Bos taurus taurus
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??? , ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ( ???. ?  Bos taurus taurus ) ?? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????: ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?'??????????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????, ??????????? 10.500 ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ???, ??????? ?????????? , ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????:

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?????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??????, ?? ????????? ? ????? 8 ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???, ????????????? ???????? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??, ?? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 2800 ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? , ????? , ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? : ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? 20 (??????? 35) ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? (????????? ????????????????)? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? 3500-4000 ?? ?, ???????? ????????????????? ???? ?????? 6000 ??, ?????????? 20 ????? ?? ( ?????????? ????? )? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?'???????? ??? ????? ???????, ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ???????? ? ?? ≪??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????≫? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???, ????????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? -? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????????? 1700-3000 ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???????????????? ?? ??????????????

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?????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ( Bos primigenius )? ??? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ???, ????? 8500 ???? ????, ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? , ????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ????? (??????) - ????????? - ???? ?????????? ????

??????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ? ( ????????? ?? ) ?????????? ???????? ???? 1994 -?? ???????? ??????? ????????????????? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????, ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ^{[1] [2]} ?

??????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????, ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? 80 ????? ???????, ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? 10.500 ???? ???? (???? ???????? ???????? ?????-????????, ????? ???????) ^[3] ? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????, ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ??????????? ?'??????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????

????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?'??????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????, ?????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?'???????????

??? ???????????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ????????? ?? ?????- ????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? (????? 7000 ???? ????) ?? ??????????? ?????? (????? 5000 ???? ????)? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?. ????????????? ?? ????????, ????? 7000 ??????? ???

???? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????-?????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??:

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?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ???????, ?? ??????????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?'????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? (???????? ?????????? ????????????), ?? ????????, ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?'?????. ≪???? ????????????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???≫?

?????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?, ????? ????????? ???? ??????????, ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?'??????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ???????? ??????

??? ???? ????????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????????, ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????????

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????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? , ????????? , ???????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? 1080, ??????????? 121 ?? 29 ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????, ??? ???????? ???????

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