????? ?????
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???? ?	1899
?????????	???????, ???????? ???????????
??????? ?	24 ????????? , 1952
?????????	???

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?????? ??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

????? ????? ???? ? 1899??, ??­??­???? ­????? ? ???­???­?? ??­??­???? ??­???­??? ­??­??­? ?? ?????? ??­??­???­?? ??­??­???­?? ­??­??­???­??

????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????  ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ≪????????≫ ??????????  ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??­??­??­??­?? ????????? ??????? ??? ( 1916) ?

????? ?? ?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

?????????? ???????, ?????? ???, ????? ????? ≪???????≫ ?? ≪????????≫ ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????  ????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????  ?? ??? ??????????????????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ≪??? ?????≫ (≪??????????≫ ??????????, ????? , 5 ?????? 1920 ) ^[1] :  1919-20, ?. ­???­??­???­?? ??? ?? ???­??­??­??? ≪??­???­???≫ ??­???­???? ???­??? ???­?? ^[2] : 

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??????? ??????? , ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ≪??? ??≫ ????????????  ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? 25 ???? , 1923 -???  ???????? 1924 -?? ≪??? ??≫? ???????? ?? ?????????   ?? ????????????? ????????? ???????, ????? ?? ??????????????? ≪?­??? ??≫ ?­???­????

????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ≪????????≫ ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ^{[3] [4]} ?  1927 ? 1931 ?? ??????? ≪???????? ????????≫??  ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??  ?? ???? ??-≪ ???­?? ???? ? ??­??? ??­??­??? ??­??­??? ?­??­???? ????­???, ?­??? ???? ?? ??­??? ???­??­??? ≫?

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?­???? ?­??­???, ?? ???­??? ?­??? ?? ??? ?­??­??­??:

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≪ ?­???­???? ??? ???­???­??­??­??­??? ??­??­???­?????, ??­?? ?? ??­?? ?­??­??­??? ??­???­???? ??, ?­???? ??? ??­??­?? ?­? ??­???­???: ­????­???­???? ???? ?????­??­??? ??? ???­??­??? ??­???­?????, ???? ??­??­??­???­??? ??­??­??? ??­??? ?????­???? ≫:

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≪ ?­???­???­??? ??­??? ???­??­?? ??? ??? ?: ­???? ?? ????: ??­???? ??? ??­??? ??? ??? ????? ??­???, ??? ???­??­??? ??? ??? ???? ??­??­????­??­??? ?­???, ??­??­??­??? ??­??­??? ??­??­??? ????? ?­??? ?­???­??? ???­????­??? ???­???­???: ?­?? ???? ? ??­???­???? ?? ??­??­???­???­?? ???? ?? ??­??? ?, ??­??­??? ???? ? ??­???­??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??­??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?­??­?? ??? ??­???? ??? ????­??­??, ?­???? ?­???? ????­??­??? ??­???­???­????­??­??? ?? ??­??? ?­??­??? ???­??? ???­??­??:

≪­???­?? ?????­??? ?? ??­??? ??­??­??? ??­???­??­??? ??­??­?? ??? ??­??? ?­???­???­????­??­???? ?? ??­??­???­????­??­???? ??? ??­??­??­??? ??­??­??? ??­?? ??­??­?? ??? ?? ??­?? ??????­???? ???­??: ­?? ??­????­??? ????­???­??, ?­???? ??? ?? ????? ??­??­???? ???­??­???­??: ­???­??­?? ?, ??? ???? ?? ???­?? ??­?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???­??? ??? ???­???­??? ≫:

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???? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

24 ????????? 1952-??, ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????

????? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

?????? ????? ???, ≪???? ??≫? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????????? 1953 -?? ?? ?????????? ???? ≪­??­??? ?? ???? ??­??­??­???≫ ???­??? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????

­??­??? ?? ???? ??­??­??­??? ? ????????

≪ ??­???­???­???­????­??­??? ???­??? ???­??­??­???­???? ?­??­??? ???­??? ??? ??­?? ?? ?­??­??? ??? ???­??? ??­??? ?? ?? ? ??­??? ??? ??­???­??­??? ??­??­??­?? ??­??? ­??­??­??, ??, ??­??­??­??­??? ??­??­?? ? ?­???, ??­??­??? ?? ??­??­?? ??­??? ???­???­??­??? ­???­??­??? ?­????­?? ?? ???­??­??­??­??? ???­??­??? ??­???­?? ?­??­???? ??­??­??? ???­???­???? ???, ??? ???? ????­???, ???????? ??­???­????, ??­??­??­??? ???­???­??­??? ??­??­??? ?? ???­??­???-??­??­??­??­??? ??­???? ???­???:

?­??? ??­???­??­??­???? ?? ?????? ??­??? ?? ???­??? ?? ???­?? ????­??? ???? ??­??­??? ?? ?­??? ??? ???­???­??­??? ?­??­???? ??­??, ?????-????­??, ??? ??­???­?? ??­???­??? ??­??­??­??? ???:

??­??? ?­????:

?­??­???­?? ????? ? ?­????? ?­???? ??­?? ???­??? ??­??­??­??? ???? ?????­??­??? ????­?? ?? ??? ??­???­?? ???­???­???­??:≫

?­??­??? ?­??­??­????, ?­????, 1953

^{[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}

???? ???? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

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???? ????????

????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

≪???? ??≫ ??????? - ????? ?????? ?????????? ≪???????? ?? ?? ????????≫, ??? ???? , ?????? 8 ????????, 1953, ?? 2

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

1. ???????? ???????, ?????? 15 ????? 1919, ?? 7, ????? ?????? ?? ??????
2. ???????? ????????