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???-10 K59.1 ? A09
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??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? [3] ? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ?? ??????? [3] ? ???? ????????????? ?????????? (ORS) ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? [3] ? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? [3] ? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? 25 ???????? ????????? ????? ?? 50 ?????? ??????? ????? [7] ? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? [3] ? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? [8] ? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? [3] ? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ??????????, ???????????????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????? [9] ? ?????????? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????????????????, ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? [9] ?

??????? ??? 1,7-?? 5 ?????? ????????????? ???? ? ???????????? [3] [4] [10] ? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????????? [3] ? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ? 1,26 ?????? 2013-??, 2,58 ??????? 1990?-?? [11] ? 2012 ?.-?? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ???????? [3] [12] ? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? [3] ?

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??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? [3] ?

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???????? ????? ????????????? ? ???? ????? ???????????, ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?, ??? ??????? ? ????????? , ???????? ????? ??????? (Cl - ) ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ????????? (Na + )? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ? [14] [15] ? ??????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????

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??????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? [15] [16] ? ??????? ????????????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????????, ??????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????????? ??? ????????? ???????, ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ( ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????)? ???????????, ??????? C-? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????????, ????? ??? ?? ??????????, ? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? (????? ????????? ? ????????????? ????????????????), ????????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????, ??? ????????????????? ????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????????? [14] ? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????, ???? ????????????? ????????? ??

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?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????, ???????? ??? ????? ?????????????? , ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???????, ???????? ?? E. coli- ? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??? ????? [14] [15] ?

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?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????? [17] ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??????????, ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??????????????, ???? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????? [15] ?

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????????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?, ??? ????????? ? Shigella -?? , Entamoeba histolytica-?? ? Salmonella - ?? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? [15] ?

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??????????????? ????? ? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?? ?????????????????? [18] [19] ? ??????, ??????????? ?, ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ? ???, ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????????? [18] [20] ?

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????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???, ??????? 40%-???, ???? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ? [21] ? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? [22] ? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ? ?????????????

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????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? , ???????????? ? ????????????? [23] ? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????????? [24] ? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ? [25] , ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ? [26] ? ???????????? 40 ? 41 ?????? [27] , ? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? [28] ? Escherichia coli-? ?????? ????????? Shiga ???????, ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????

Campylobacter -? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? Salmonella -?, Shigella -?, Escherichia coli- ? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? [29] ?

?????? ????????, ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? Clostridioides difficile- ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????????????? [30] ?

???????????, ????????????` ???????????, ??????, Cryptosporidium , Giardia , Entamoeba histolytica , Blastocystis , Cyclospora cayetanensis -? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ??????, ??????? nitazoxanide-? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? [31] ?

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??? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? [33] ?

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????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? [35] ?

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???? ????????????, ??????? ??????????, ????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? [45] [46] ? ?????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ??? 700 ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????????, ???????????, ??????????????, ????-?????????? ??????, ?????????????? ?????? [15] ?

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??? ????? ????????????? ??????? ? ????????, ??????????????? ????? ? ??????????, ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????, ????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? [47] ? ????? ??????????? ?? 1973 ?.-?? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??? ????? ? ?????, ?? Shigella-?? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? (Co-phenotrope, Lomotil ) ???????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??????, ????? ??????????? ???????? [48] ?

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2019-? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [51] ? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? (ESR) ? C-??????? ?????????? (CRP) ??????? ???????????????? ??? [51] ?

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????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? 42?48%-?? [56] [57] ?  

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?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???? ?, ?????? ??? ????????? ? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????, ??? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? 6%-?, ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? 20%-? ?????, 1985 ?.-?? ???????? ????????????????? ≪??????????≫ ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (2-3%) ???????, ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? 6-10%-??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? [60] ? ??? ????? ? ???, ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????????????, ????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? [61] [62] ?

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????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????:

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

 ???? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ? ???-?, ???????????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ? [80] ? ????????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ????????? [76] ?

???? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?, ????????, ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ???????, ???? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????????, ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ???-? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? 5-10 ????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? [81] ?

???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???-? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ?????????????, ??? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?, ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? [82] ? ???????? ?????????, ????????????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ????????? [76] ? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????????? [82] ?

???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????, ???????????????, ???????????? ? ????????????? ????? [83] ? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ??? ????????????, ???????????? ????????? ???????????? [84] [85] ? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????-??????? ??????????? ????? Escherichia coli O157: H7 ???????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? [86] ? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? [85] ? ?????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????-?????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??

??? ???????? ???????????? ( ?????-?????? ) ?????????? ?? ????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???, ????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? [87] ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????????????, ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? [9] ? ??? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? [88] ?

??????????? ? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????, ????????? ? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??????? [89] , ?????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? [44] ?  

????????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? Racecadotril-? [83] ? ??? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ? ???????? [90] ?

?????????????? ??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? [91] ? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?, ??? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????

????????????? (??????? Lactobacillus GG-? ? Saccharomyces boulardii-? [83] ) ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ????, 60% -?? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ????????????????? [92] ? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??? [93] ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ? ????????????

???????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

2012?.-?? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? 1??? ??????????? ???????
      0?2       3?10       11?18       19?30       31?46       47?80       81?221       222?450       451?606       607?1799
2004 ?.-?? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????? 100,000 ?????? ??????? [94]
      ????? ???       < 500       500?1000       1000?1500       1500?2000       2000?2500       2500?3000       3000?3500       3500?4000       4000?4500       4500?5000       5000?6000       > 6000

2004 ?.-?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ??? 2,5 ??????? ????, ????? 5 ??????? ????????? ???????? 1,5 ?????? ????? [1] ? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? [1] ? ??????? ???? ????? ?? 1980-?? ???????? 4,5 ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? [95] ? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (16%)? ?????????? ???? (17%) [1] ?

??????? ??? ???? ????????? ? ???????? ??????????, ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ? ???????? , ???????????????? 696 ?????? ? 1,2 ??????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ??????? ????? 480 ??????? ??? [96] ?

????????? ?????? 2011-?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? 0,7 ?????? ?????? ???? [97] [98] ? ???????????, ??????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? 10% -? 1-59 ??????? ????????? ????????, ???? ????????????? ???????? , ??? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? 31.3% -? [99] ? ?????????? ?, ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? 21% -? ????????????? ? ?????????????? [100] ?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 ≪whqlibdoc.who.int≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . ?????????? (PDF) ?????????? 2010 ?? ????????? 8-??.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 ≪Diarrhoeal disease Factsheet≫ . World Health Organization . 2017 ?? ?????? 2 . ??????? ? 2020 ?? ?????????? 29-?? .
  3. ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 3,17 3,18 3,19 3,20 ≪Diarrhoeal disease Fact sheet N°330≫ . World Health Organization . 2013 ?? ?????. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2014 ?? ??????? 17-?? . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ??????? 9-?? .
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Basem Abdelmalak, John Doyle, eds. (2013). Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery . Cambridge University Press. ???? 282?287. ISBN   978-1-107-01867-9 .
  5. ↑ ≪Spectrum of gluten-related disorders: consensus on new nomenclature and classification≫ . BMC Medicine (Review). 10 : 13. 2012 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1186/1741-7015-10-13 . PMC   3292448 . PMID   22313950 . {{ cite journal }} : Invalid |display-authors=6 ( ?????????? ) CS1 ????? ????????? ???? DOI ( link ) հրապարակում բաց հնարավորություն
  6. ↑ ≪Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of bile acid malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea≫ (PDF) . Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics . 42 (1): 3?11. 2015 ?? ??????. doi : 10.1111/apt.13227 . PMID   25913530 .
  7. ↑ ≪whqlibdoc.who.int≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2010 ?? ????????? 8-??.
  8. ↑ Crockett ME, Keystone JS (2012). ≪Protection of Travelers≫ . In Fischer M, Long SS, Prober CG (eds.). Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases (4th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. ?? 82. ISBN   978-1-4557-3985-1 .
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 ≪Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent adults≫. The New England Journal of Medicine . 370 (16): 1532?40. 2014 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1056/nejmra1301069 . PMID   24738670 .
  10. ↑ Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators (2015 ?? ???????). ≪Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990?2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013≫ . Lancet . 386 (9995): 743?800. doi : 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 . PMC   4561509 . PMID   26063472 . {{ cite journal }} : |last= has generic name ( ?????????? ) CS1 ????? ?????? ????????: authors list ( link )
  11. ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2015 ?? ???????). ≪Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990?2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013≫ . Lancet . 385 (9963): 117?71. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 . PMC   4340604 . PMID   25530442 . {{ cite journal }} : |last= has generic name ( ?????????? ) CS1 ????? ?????? ????????: authors list ( link )
  12. ↑ ≪Global Diarrhea Burden≫ . CDC . 2013 ?? ???????? 24. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2014 ?? ??????? 7-?? . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ??????? 18-?? .
  13. ↑ ≪WGO Practice Guideline ? Acute diarrhea≫ . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ???????? 22-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ????? 9-?? .
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 ≪The Basics of Diarrhea≫ . Webmd.com. 2011 ?? ???????? 17. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2011 ?? ????? 11-?? . ??????? ? 2011 ?? ????? 9-?? .
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 15,3 15,4 15,5 15,6 ≪Drug-induced secretory diarrhea: A role for CFTR≫ . Pharmacological Research . 102 : 107?112. 2015 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.024 . PMC   4684461 . PMID   26429773 .
  16. ↑ ≪The Treatment Of Diarrhea, A manual for physicians and other senior health workers≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . 2005. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
  17. ↑ ≪Evaluating the patient with diarrhea: a case-based approach≫ . Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 87 (6): 596?602. 2012 ?? ??????. doi : 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.015 . PMC   3538472 . PMID   22677080 .
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Disease Control Priorities Project. ≪Public Health Significance of Diarrheal Illnesses≫ . The World Bank Group. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2014 ?? ???????? 25-?? . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ?????????? 12-?? .
  19. ↑ ≪Diarrhea as a cause and an effect of malnutrition: diarrhea prevents catch-up growth and malnutrition increases diarrhea frequency and duration≫. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 47 (1 Pt 2): 28?35. 1992 ?? ??????. doi : 10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.28 . PMID   1632474 .
  20. ↑ ≪Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development≫ . The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society . 59 (1): 47?54. 2000 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1017/S0029665100000069 . PMID   10828173 .
  21. ↑ ≪whqlibdoc.who.int≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2010 ?? ????????? 8-??.
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 ≪Diarrhea in nontravelers: risk and etiology≫. Clinical Infectious Diseases . 41. 41 Suppl 8 (Suppl 8): S541-6. 2005 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1086/432949 . PMID   16267716 .
  23. ↑ ≪Mechanisms of infectious diarrhea≫. Nature Clinical Practice. Gastroenterology & Hepatology . 5 (11): 637?47. 2008 ?? ????????. doi : 10.1038/ncpgasthep1264 . PMID   18813221 .
  24. ↑ Schlossberg D (2008). Clinical Infectious Disease . Cambridge University Press. ?? 349. ISBN   978-1-139-57665-9 .
  25. ↑ ≪Noroviruses: a comprehensive review≫. Journal of Clinical Virology . 44 (1): 1?8. 2009 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.10.009 . PMID   19084472 .
  26. ↑ ≪Rotaviruses: from pathogenesis to vaccination≫ . Gastroenterology . 136 (6): 1939?51. 2009 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.076 . PMC   3690811 . PMID   19457420 .
  27. ↑ ≪Enteric adenoviruses≫. Bailliere's Clinical Gastroenterology . 4 (3): 627?42. 1990 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1016/0950-3528(90)90053-J . PMID   1962727 .
  28. ↑ ≪Astrovirus gastroenteritis≫ . The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal . 21 (11): 1067?9. 2002 ?? ????????. doi : 10.1097/00006454-200211000-00018 . PMID   12442031 .
  29. ↑ ≪Enteric infection meets intestinal function: how bacterial pathogens cause diarrhoea≫ . Nature Reviews. Microbiology . 7 (2): 110?9. 2009 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1038/nrmicro2053 . PMC   3326399 . PMID   19116615 .
  30. ↑ ≪Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis≫. Nature Reviews. Microbiology . 7 (7): 526?36. 2009 ?? ??????. doi : 10.1038/nrmicro2164 . PMID   19528959 .
  31. ↑ ≪Nitazoxanide for the empiric treatment of pediatric infectious diarrhea≫. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 106 (3): 167?73. 2012 ?? ????. doi : 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.11.007 . PMID   22301075 .
  32. ↑ ≪Treatment of infectious diarrhea in children≫. Paediatric Drugs . 5 (3): 151?65. 2003. doi : 10.2165/00128072-200305030-00002 . PMID   12608880 .
  33. ↑ ≪WHO | Diarrhoeal disease≫ . Who.int. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2014 ?? ?????? 1-?? . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ????? 10-?? .
  34. ↑ Jamison, Dean T. (2006). Disease control priorities in developing countries (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN   978-0-8213-6179-5 .
  35. ↑ 35,0 35,1 ≪Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children≫ . Archives of Disease in Childhood . 98 (8): 629?34. 2013 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1136/archdischild-2011-301528 . PMC   3717778 . PMID   23761692 .
  36. ↑ ≪Zinc and childhood infectious disease morbidity and mortality≫. The British Journal of Nutrition . 85 Suppl 2: S125-9. 2001 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1079/bjn2000304 . PMID   11509100 .
  37. ↑ ≪Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection≫. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . 68 (2 Suppl): 447S?463S. 1998 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447S . PMID   9701160 .
  38. ↑ ≪Plasma zinc as a predictor of diarrheal and respiratory morbidity in children in an urban slum setting≫. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . 68 (2 Suppl): 414S?417S. 1998 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.414S . PMID   9701154 .
  39. ↑ Rice AL, West KP, Black RE (2004). ≪Vitamin A deficiency≫ (PDF) . In Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Murray CJ (eds.). Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributes to selected major risk factors . Vol. 1. Geneva: World Health Organization. ???? 211?56, especially 238?240.
  40. ↑ ≪Increased risk of respiratory disease and diarrhea in children with preexisting mild vitamin A deficiency≫ . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition . 40 (5): 1090?5. 1984 ?? ????????. doi : 10.1093/ajcn/40.5.1090 . PMID   6496388 .
  41. ↑ ≪Extent of vitamin A deficiency among preschool children and women of reproductive age≫. The Journal of Nutrition . 132 (9 Suppl): 2857S?2866S. 2002 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1093/jn/132.9.2857S . PMID   12221262 .
  42. ↑ ≪Functional bowel disorders≫ . Gastroenterology . 130 (5): 1480?91. 2006 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.061 . PMID   16678561 .
  43. ↑ Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine . New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN   978-0-07-139140-5 .
  44. ↑ 44,0 44,1 44,2 44,3 ≪Pharmacologic Agents for Chronic Diarrhea≫ . Intestinal Research . 13 (4): 306?12. 2015 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.5217/ir.2015.13.4.306 . PMC   4641856 . PMID   26576135 .
  45. ↑ Vallerand A (2017). Davis's drug guide for nurses . Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. ????  989 ?994. ISBN   978-0-8036-5705-2 .
  46. ↑ ≪Diarrhea & Incontinence Caused by Medication≫ . International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD). ?????????? ? ?????????? 2017 ?? ???????? 24-?? . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ?????? 18-?? .
  47. ↑ Williams G, Nesse RM (1996). Why we get sick: the new science of Darwinian medicine . New York: Vintage Books. ????  36 ?38. ISBN   978-0-679-74674-4 .
  48. ↑ ≪Adverse effect of lomotil therapy in shigellosis≫. JAMA . 226 (13): 1525?8. 1973 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1001/jama.226.13.1525 . PMID   4587313 .
  49. ↑ ≪Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrhoeal episodes≫. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases . 22 (3): 259?67. 1990. doi : 10.3109/00365549009027046 . PMID   2371542 .
  50. ↑ Arasaradnam, RP; Brown, S; Forbes, A; Fox, MR; Hungin, P; Kelman, L; Major, G; O'Connor, M; Sanders, DS (2018 ?? ???????). ≪Guidelines for the investigation of chronic diarrhoea in adults: British Society of Gastroenterology, 3rd edition≫ . Gut . 67 (8): 1380?1399. doi : 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315909 . PMC   6204957 . PMID   29653941 .
  51. ↑ 51,0 51,1 Smalley, W; Falck-Ytter, C; Carrasco-Labra, A; Wani, S; Lytvyn, L; Falck-Ytter, Y (2019 ?? ?????????). ≪AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Laboratory Evaluation of Functional Diarrhea and Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults (IBS-D)≫. Gastroenterology . 157 (3): 851?854. doi : 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.004 . PMID   31302098 .
  52. ↑ 52,0 52,1 ≪Assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income settings: systematic review and meta-regression≫ (PDF) . Tropical Medicine & International Health . 19 (8): 928?42. 2014 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1111/tmi.12331 . PMID   24811732 . {{ cite journal }} : Invalid |display-authors=6 ( ?????????? )
  53. ↑ ≪Hand washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea≫ . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): CD004265. 2015 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1002/14651858.CD004265.pub3 . PMC   4563982 . PMID   26346329 .
  54. ↑ ≪Call to action on sanitation≫ (PDF) . United Nations . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2014 ?? ???????? 19-?? . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ???????? 15-?? .
  55. ↑ ≪Open defecation and childhood stunting in India: an ecological analysis of new data from 112 districts≫ . PLOS ONE . 8 (9): e73784. 2013. Bibcode : 2013PLoSO...873784S . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0073784 . PMC   3774764 . PMID   24066070 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 ????? ????????? ???? DOI ( link )
  56. ↑ ≪Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review≫. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases . 3 (5): 275?81. 2003 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00606-6 . PMID   12726975 .
  57. ↑ ≪Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea≫ . International Journal of Epidemiology . 39 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): i193-205. 2010 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1093/ije/dyq035 . PMC   2845874 . PMID   20348121 .
  58. ↑ ≪Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?≫. Lancet . 361 (9376): 2226?34. 2003 ?? ??????. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13779-8 . PMID   12842379 .
  59. ↑ ≪Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities≫ . Bulletin of the World Health Organization . 63 (4): 757?72. 1985. PMC   2536385 . PMID   3878742 .
  60. ↑ ≪Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: rotavirus and cholera immunization≫ . Bulletin of the World Health Organization . 63 (3): 569?83. 1985. PMC   2536413 . PMID   3876173 .
  61. ↑ ≪Economic costs of rotavirus gastroenteritis and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in developing countries≫. The Journal of Infectious Diseases . 200 Suppl 1: S16-27. 2009 ?? ????????. doi : 10.1086/605026 . PMID   19817595 .
  62. ↑ Oral cholera vaccines in mass immunization campaigns (PDF) . WHO. 2010. ???? 6?8. ISBN   978-92-4-150043-2 . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2014 ?? ?????????? 3-??.
  63. ↑ ≪whqlibdoc.who.int≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2010 ?? ????????? 8-??.
  64. ↑ ≪Zinc deficiency, infectious disease and mortality in the developing world≫. The Journal of Nutrition . 133 (5 Suppl 1): 1485S?9S. 2003 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1093/jn/133.5.1485S . PMID   12730449 .
  65. ↑ ≪Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group≫ . The Journal of Pediatrics . 135 (6): 689?97. 1999 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70086-7 . PMID   10586170 . {{ cite journal }} : Invalid |display-authors=6 ( ?????????? )
  66. ↑ ≪Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis≫ . BMJ . 343 : d5094. 2011 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1136/bmj.d5094 . PMC   3162042 . PMID   21868478 .
  67. ↑ ≪Cost of childhood diarrhoea in rural South Africa: exploring cost-effectiveness of universal zinc supplementation≫. Public Health Nutrition . 17 (9): 2138?45. 2014 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1017/S1368980013002152 . PMID   23930984 .
  68. ↑ ≪Effect of breastfeeding on infant and child mortality due to infectious diseases in less developed countries: a pooled analysis. WHO Collaborative Study Team on the Role of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Infant Mortality≫. Lancet . 355 (9202): 451?5. 2000 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)82011-5 . PMID   10841125 .
  69. ↑ Lawrence R (2016). Breastfeeding : a guide for the medical profession, 8th edition . Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ??  28 . ISBN   978-0-323-35776-0 .
  70. ↑ Sguassero Y. ≪Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: RHL commentary≫ . WHO. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2013 ?? ????????? 3-?? . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ?????????? 14-?? .
  71. ↑ 71,0 71,1 ≪Infant and young child feeding≫ . World Health Organization . 2017 ?? ?????????? 3 . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ???????? 5-?? .
  72. ↑ ≪Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis≫. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association . 307 (18): 1959?69. 2012 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1001/jama.2012.3507 . PMID   22570464 .
  73. ↑ ≪whqlibdoc.who.int≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2010 ?? ????????? 8-??.
  74. ↑ ≪BestBets: Does Withholding milk feeds reduce the duration of diarrhoea in children with acute gastroenteritis?≫ . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2009 ?? ?????? 4-??.
  75. ↑ ≪The Treatment Of Diarrhea, A manual for physicians and other senior health workers≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . 2005. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
  76. ↑ 76,0 76,1 76,2 Community Health Worker Training Materials for Cholera Prevention and Control Error in Webarchive template: Empty url. , CDC, slides at back are dated 17 November 2010. Page 7 states "...  Continue to breastfeed your baby if the baby has watery diarrhea, even when traveling to get treatment. Adults and older children should continue to eat frequently."
  77. ↑ ≪Management of diarrhea in clinical practice: strategies for primary care physicians≫. Reviews in Gastroenterological Disorders . 7 Suppl 3 (Suppl 3): S27-38. 2007. PMID   18192963 .
  78. ↑ 78,0 78,1 78,2 ≪The Treatment Of Diarrhea, A manual for physicians and other senior health workers≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . 2005. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
  79. ↑ Rehydration Project, ≪Diarrhoea, Diarrhea, Dehydration, Oral Rehydration, Mother and Child Nutrition, Water, Sanitation, Hygiene ? Rehydration Project≫ . ?????????? ? ?????????? 2015 ?? ??????? 8-?? . ??????? ? 2015 ?? ??????? 22-?? . Homemade Oral Rehydration Solution Recipe.
  80. ↑ ≪The Treatment Of Diarrhea, A manual for physicians and other senior health workers≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . 2005. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
  81. ↑ ≪The Treatment Of Diarrhea, A manual for physicians and other senior health workers≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . 2005. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
  82. ↑ 82,0 82,1 ≪The Treatment Of Diarrhea, A manual for physicians and other senior health workers≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization . 2005. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2011 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
  83. ↑ 83,0 83,1 83,2 Guarino A, Lo Vecchio A, Pirozzi MR. (2009). ≪Clinical role of diosmectite in the management of diarrhea≫. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol . doi : 10.1517/17425250902865594 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 ????? ???????? ????????: authors list ( link )
  84. ↑ ≪Empirical treatment of severe acute community-acquired gastroenteritis with ciprofloxacin≫ . Clinical Infectious Diseases . 22 (6): 1019?25. 1996 ?? ??????. doi : 10.1093/clinids/22.6.1019 . PMID   8783703 .
  85. ↑ 85,0 85,1 ≪Diarrhoea in adults (acute)≫ . BMJ Clinical Evidence . 2008 : 0901. 2008 ?? ????. PMC   2907942 . PMID   19450323 .
  86. ↑ ≪The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections≫ . The New England Journal of Medicine . 342 (26): 1930?6. 2000 ?? ??????. doi : 10.1056/NEJM200006293422601 . PMC   3659814 . PMID   10874060 .
  87. ↑ ≪Expert review of the evidence base for self-therapy of travelers' diarrhea≫. Journal of Travel Medicine . 16 (3): 161?71. 2009. doi : 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00300.x . PMID   19538576 .
  88. ↑ ≪Diagnosis and treatment of acute or persistent diarrhea≫ . Gastroenterology . 136 (6): 1874?86. 2009 ?? ?????. doi : 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.072 . PMC   2723735 . PMID   19457416 .
  89. ↑ ≪Anti-diarrheal effects of diosmectite in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a review≫. Paediatric Drugs . 11 (2): 89?99. 2009. doi : 10.2165/00148581-200911020-00001 . PMID   19301931 .
  90. ↑ Dinnendahl, V; Fricke, U (eds.). Arzneistoff-Profile (German). Eschborn, Germany: Govi Pharmazeutischer Verlag. ISBN   978-3-7741-9846-3 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 ????? ????????? ????? ( link )
  91. ↑ ≪Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children≫ . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 12 (12): CD005436. 2016 ?? ?????????. doi : 10.1002/14651858.CD005436.pub5 . PMC   5450879 . PMID   27996088 .
  92. ↑ ≪Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea≫ . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . 2010 (11): CD003048. 2010 ?? ????????. doi : 10.1002/14651858.CD003048.pub3 . PMC   6532699 . PMID   21069673 .
  93. ↑ ≪Role of Lactobacillus in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis≫ . Pharmacotherapy . 30 (2): 119?26. 2010 ?? ???????. doi : 10.1592/phco.30.2.119 . PMID   20099986 .
  94. ↑ ≪Mortality and Burden of Disease Estimates for WHO Member States in 2004≫ (xls) . World Health Organization .
  95. ↑ Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (2004). Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases (6th ed.). Churchill Livingstone. ISBN   978-0-443-06643-6 . ?????????? ?????????? 2013 ?? ?????????? 18-??.
  96. ↑ ≪Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done≫ (PDF) . World Health Organization. ?????????? (PDF) ?????????? 2013 ?? ?????????? 19-?? . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ?????????? 12-?? .
  97. ↑ ≪Call to action on sanitation≫ (PDF) . United Nations . ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2014 ?? ???????? 19-?? . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ???????? 15-?? .
  98. ↑ Walker CL, Rudan I, Liu L, Nair H, Theodoratou E, Bhutta ZA, O'Brien KL, Campbell H, Black RE (2013 ?? ?????). ≪Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea≫. Lancet . 381 (9875): 1405?1416. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6 . PMID   23582727 .
  99. ↑ Walker CL, Aryee MJ, Boschi-Pinto C, Black RE (2012). ≪Estimating diarrhea mortality among young children in low and middle income countries≫ . PLOS ONE . 7 (1): e29151. Bibcode : 2012PLoSO...729151F . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0029151 . PMC   3250411 . PMID   22235266 . {{ cite journal }} : CS1 ????? ????????? ???? DOI ( link )
  100. ↑ Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL (2003). ≪The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000≫ . Bulletin of the World Health Organization . 81 (3): 197?204. PMC   2572419 . PMID   12764516 .

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