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????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? [8] , ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????? 2012 ??????? ??????????? ? 2010 ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? 10%-? ?????? ? ?? ??????????, ????? ??? ???????? ? ???????? [9] ? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? [9] ? ????????, ????????? 11 ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? 40%-? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? [10] ? ??? ???????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??? 63%-? ??????? ? 16 ??????? ????? ???????? [10] ? ????????? ? ????????? ???????????  ???????? ? ??? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? 48%-? ??????? ?, ?? ??????? ? ????? ???????? [11] ? ??????????? 45 ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ??? 58%-? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? [12] ? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? 40%-? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???, ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ? ???? [13] ? ????????? ????????? ????? 6 ??????? ????????? 53%-? ???????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? [14] ? ????? ?????-????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????

??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???, ?????? ???????????? ???? ?, ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ?, ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? [9] ? ???? ???, ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ??, ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? [15] ? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????, ?, ????????, ??? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? [9] ? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? 55%-? ??????? ?, ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ? ??????? [11] ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? 53%-? ??????? ?, ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ????? ????????? [14] ? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? [16] ?

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?????????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? [17] [18] ?

  • ?? ???????? ???????? ? ????????. ???????? ? ????????, ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? [17] [18] , ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????
  • ??????? ??????? ?????-????????. ?????-????????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? [17] ? ???????? ????????, ??? ??????????? ? 2010 ??????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? ??????????????? (ACS), ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? (CPS) ? ?????? ? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? (SIPP), ????? ????????? ?, ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??? ???????????????? [9] ?
  • ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? [9] ? ???-??? ????????? 33%-? ???, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????????, ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????. ?? ?????????? ? ?? 30%-? ???, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? [9] ?
  • ???????? ?????-????????. ???????? ? ????????, ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????????????? ?????? ???????? [19] ? ??????, ???-??? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????? 50%-? ????????? ? ????? ???????????????????? ????? [20] ? ???????????, ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ???????????, ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??, ?????????? ??, ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? [17] [18] ?

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????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? [21] ? ??????, ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????, ???????? ?? ????? ?????????????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????? [22] [23] ? ???????????? ???????????? ????, ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? [21] ?

?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????????? ?? ???????????, ????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ???????, ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???????? [22] [23] ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ?, ?? ?????? ?????????? [24] ? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????????????????????, ????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????????????? ? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????? ??? [25] ? ??? ???? ????, ?????-????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? [25] ? ???? ???, ?????????, ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? [26] ?

?????? ?? ?????? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ????? ????? II-? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???, 1887?.: ?????? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ≪??????????≫:

???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???? ????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? [27] , ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????, ???????? ? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ????????, ?????, ??????? ????????????????, ????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? [28] ? ???-???, ????????? ????? ???, ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ?, ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????, ???????? ?? ???? ??????????????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? [29] ? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ????????????????, ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ? ????? ???? ?, ????????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?? ???????????????? ??? ????????? [30] ? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????, ????????? ?? ?????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????????? [31] ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ? ?????????. ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? [32] ? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????, ????????? ????? ? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??? [33] ?

??????????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ???, ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????, ?????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????, ????? ????????? ?, ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? [34] ? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?, ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????, ???????? ? ????????? [35] ? ??????, ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? [17] [34] ? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? [36] ?

???????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????-????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????, ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ??? [37] ? ??? ???????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??, ?? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?, ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ?????????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????????? ??? [38] ?

??????????? ????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

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????????? ? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????????????, ????????? ???????????????, ?????????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????????????????? [33] ? ????????? ????????????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????? [39] ? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????????????? [40] ? ??? ???????????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ????????????, ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? (??? ???????????), ???? ??? ????? (??????? ???????????) [33] [41] ? ????????? ?? ?????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????? 1980-????????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? 220 ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ???? ??? 58 ?????? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????????????, ??? ??????? ? ≪??????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? [42] ≫ ??? ???????????? ?????? ?, ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?, ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????  ? ????????? ??, ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ≪?????????? ?????? ?????-?????????≫ ??????? ? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???? [43] ? ??? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????????, ?? ?? ????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????? ? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????? [33] ?

??????? ???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????-????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ????? ??? ???? ? ????????? ????????, ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? [32] ? ??????, ???-??? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????, ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????, ??????????????? ??? ???????? ???? [32] [44] ? ???????????????? ??? ??? ???-? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????, ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?, ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????, ????????????????? ? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?, ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ?? ???????  ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? [45] ? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ?, ?? ????????? ? ??????????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????, ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? [46] :????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???, ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???-??? ?????, ????? ????? ????????? ?, ?? ????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? [47] ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? [48] , ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? [49] , ??????????? ??? ????????, ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??, ? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????, ????????????? ? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ?, ?? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? [50] ?

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???-?????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ?????-????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ??????:

????????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?. ?????? ??????? ? grandperiser ? grandmeriser ?????? 18-?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ≪??? ??? ???????≫ 1877 ???????? [51] ?

???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? 18-?? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??? ?????? 10 ??????? ??, ? ??? 10%-??, ??? 20 ??????? ?? [52] ? 18-?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? (????????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???, ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????)? ??????????????, ??????? ?????????????????, ???????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??? ??????, ??????????? ????? ???? ???, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ???. ???? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ??? ≪??????????? ?????????≫? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? [53] [54] ?

19-?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? (???????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????????????, ??????, ??? ?????? ????? 1850 ???????? ????), ???? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????? ??????? (????? ????????? ???. ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????) ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????, ????????? ???????????????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ???????? ?? ??????, ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? [55] [56] ?

???????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???, ?????? 1850-???????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????? 1857 ??????? ??????? 8-? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????-????????? ???????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? 1970 ??????? ???????? 4-? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? [52] [57] ?

????????, 18-?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ≪????????? ????????? ? ?????????≫ ??????????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???????????????? ? ????????????? ???????????????????, ??????? ?????? ?????-?????????? ??????? ????? tu-? (?? ?????? ≪???≫) ??????????? ???, ??? ??????????? ???????? 19-?? ??????, ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? (papi ? mami, pepe ?. ???)? , ????? ? ???? ????????? ????????), ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? 1970-????????? ? ???, ??? ??????? ? ???????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ? ????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????????? ??????????????? [58] ?

????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????????? ??????? ? ?????-????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? 274? ????????.

≪??????? ??????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??? ??????, ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ?? ?? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????≫ [59] ?

?????? ?? ??????, ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????, ???? ? ?????????? ????? ???, ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ? 2012 ??????? ??????????? [60] [61] ?

??? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

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  • ??? ???????
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?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ Zhavoronkov, Alex (2013 ?? ??????? 2). ≪13 Reasons Why We Will Live Longer Than Our Parents≫ . Huffington Post (????????? ????????) . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ???????? 23-?? .
  2. ↑ Wong, Kate. ≪The Mysterious Downfall of the Neandertals≫ . Scientific American . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ????? 24-?? .
  3. ↑ Caspari, R. (2012). ≪The Evolution of Grandparents≫. Scientific American . 22 (2): 38?43. doi : 10.1038/scientificamericanhuman1112-38 . PMID   21827124 .
  4. ↑ ≪8 Reasons Parents Fail to Love Their Kids≫ . Psychology Today (????????? ????????) . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ???????? 23-?? .
  5. ↑ Dale, Philip S. ; Ingram, David, eds. (1981), Child language, an international perspective: selected papers from the First International Congress for the Study of Child Language , vol. 1, Baltimore , Maryland : University Park Press , ??  275 , ISBN   978-0-8391-1608-0 , OCLC   6863252
  6. ↑ ≪Online Etymology Dictionary≫ . Etymonline.com . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ????? 24-?? .
  7. ↑ ≪Online Etymology Dictionary≫ . Etymonline.com. 1957 ?? ?????????? 1 . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ????? 24-?? .
  8. ↑ Ochiltree, Gay (2006 ?? ????????? 24). ≪The changing role of grandparents≫ . Child Family Community Australia (????????) . ??????? ? 2018 ?? ???????? 23-?? .
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 9,6 Ellis, Renee; Simmons, Tavia (2014 ?? ?????????). ≪Coresident Grandparents and Their Grandchildren: 2012≫ (PDF) .
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Glaser, Karen; Price, Debora; Montserrat, Eloi Ribe; di Gessa, Giorgio; Tinker, Anthea (2013 ?? ????). ≪Grandparenting in Europe: Family policy and grandparents' role in providing childcare≫ . Grandparents Plus . (???????? ?????)
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 ≪Family Survey 2015≫ (PDF) . Family Council . 2016 ?? ????????. ?????????? ? ?????????? (PDF) 2017 ?? ?????????? 1-??.
  12. ↑ Ko, Pei-Chun; Hank, Karsten (2013). ≪Grandparents caring for grandchildren in China and Korea: Findings from CHARLS and KLoSA≫ . The Journals of Gerontology: Series B . 69 (4): 646?651. doi : 10.1093/geronb/gbt129 . PMID   24378959 .
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Thang, Leng Leng; Mehta, Kalyani; Usui, Tsuneo; Tsuruwaka, Mari (2011 ?? ?????????? 1). ≪Being a Good Grandparent: Roles and Expectations in Intergenerational Relationships in Japan and Singapore≫. Marriage & Family Review . 47 (8): 548?570. doi : 10.1080/01494929.2011.619303 . ISSN   0149-4929 . S2CID   144713830 .
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Kim, Hye Jin (2017 ?? ???????? 2). ≪Grandparents providing care for grandchildren and employment status of grandparents in South Korea≫. Journal of Women & Aging . 30 (1): 49?61. doi : 10.1080/08952841.2016.1259443 . ISSN   0895-2841 . PMID   28151086 . S2CID   41630754 .
  15. ↑ Arber, Sara; Timonen, Virpi (2012). ≪Grandparenting in the 21st century: New directions≫. In Arber, Sara; Timonen, Virpi (eds.). Contemporary Grandparenting: Changing Family Relationships in Global Contexts . Great Britain: The Policy Press. ???? 247?264.
  16. ↑ Lam, TianYuan; Lam, Chun Bun; Chan, Kevin Ka-Shing (2017). ≪Grandparental involvement and young adults' cognitive and social adjustment: The moderating role of filial piety in Hong Kong≫. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships . 35 (7): 999?1018. doi : 10.1177/0265407517702011 . S2CID   151387765 .
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 17,3 17,4 Dunifon, Rachel (2012). ≪The influence of grandparents on the lives of children and adolescents≫. Child Development Perspectives . 7 : 55?60. doi : 10.1111/cdep.12016 .
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Margaret, Platt Jendrek (1994). ≪Grandparents who parent their grandchildren: circumstances and decisions≫ . The Gerontologist . 34 (2): 206?216. doi : 10.1093/geront/34.2.206 . PMID   8005493 .
  19. ↑ Kataoka-Yahiro, Merle; Ceria, Clementina; Caulfield, Rick (2004). ≪Grandparent caregiving role in ethnically diverse families≫ . Journal of Pediatric Nursing . 19 (5): 315?328. doi : 10.1016/j.pedn.2004.05.010 . PMID   15614256 .
  20. ↑ Stykes, Bart; Manning, Wendy D.; Brown, Susan L. ≪Grandparenthood in the U.S.: Residence Status of Grandparents≫ (PDF) . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ????????? 20-?? .
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Xu, Ling; Chi, Iris (2015). ≪Ageing and grandparenting in Asia≫. In Quah, Stella R. (ed.). Routledge handbook of families in Asia . New York: Routledge. ???? 246?258.
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Barnett, Melissa A.; Scaramella, Laura V.; Neppl, Tricia K.; Ontai, Lenna L.; Conger, Rand D. (2010). ≪Grandmother involvement as a protective factor for early childhood social adjustment≫ . Journal of Family Psychology . 24 (5): 635?645. doi : 10.1037/a0020829 . PMC   2976599 . PMID   20954774 .
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 Ruiz, Sarah A.; Silverstein, Merril (2007). ≪Relationships with grandparents and the emotional well-being of late adolescent and young adult grandchildren≫ . Journal of Social Issues . 63 (4): 793?808. doi : 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00537.x .
  24. ↑ Yorgason, Jeremy B; Padilla-Walker, Laura; Jackson, Jami (2011). ≪Nonresidential grandparents' emotional and financial involvement in relation to early adolescent grandchild outcomes≫ . Journal of Research on Adolescence . 21 (3): 552?558. doi : 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00735.x .
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Fergusson, Emma; Maughan, Barbara; Golding, Jean (2007). ≪Which children receive grandparental care and what effect does it have?≫. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry . 49 (2): 161?169. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01840.x . PMID   17979960 .
  26. ↑ Pulgaron, Elizabeth R.; Marchante, Ashley N.; Agosto, Yaray; Lebron, Cynthia N.; Delamater, Alan M. (2016). ≪Grandparent involvement and children's health outcomes: the current state of the literature≫ . Families, Systems and Health . 34 (3): 260?269. doi : 10.1037/fsh0000212 . PMC   5025375 . PMID   27505069 .
  27. ↑ Winefield, Helen; Air, Tracy (2010). ≪Grandparenting≫. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare . 8 (4): 277?283. doi : 10.1111/j.1744-1609.2010.00187.x . PMID   21140984 .
  28. ↑ Baker, Lindsey A.; Silverstein, Merril (2008 ?? ?????????? 8). ≪Depressive Symptoms Among Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: The Impact of Participation in Multiple Roles≫ . Journal of Intergenerational Relationships . 6 (3): 285?304. doi : 10.1080/15350770802157802 . ISSN   1535-0770 . PMC   2772115 . PMID   19890447 .
  29. ↑ Lee, Sunmin; Colditz, Graham; Berkman, Lisa; Kawachi, Ichiro (2003 ?? ????????? 1). ≪Caregiving to Children and Grandchildren and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women≫ . American Journal of Public Health . 93 (11): 1939?1944. doi : 10.2105/ajph.93.11.1939 . ISSN   0090-0036 . PMC   1448080 . PMID   14600070 .
  30. ↑ Musil, Carol; Warner, Camille; Zauszniewski, Jaclene; Wykle, May; Standing, Theresa (2008 ?? ????????? 19). ≪Grandmother Caregiving, Family Stress and Strain, and Depressive Symptoms≫ . Western Journal of Nursing Research (????????). 31 (3): 389?408. doi : 10.1177/0193945908328262 . PMC   2883890 . PMID   19261805 .
  31. ↑ Ehrle, Glenda M.; Day, H. D. (1994 ?? ???????? 1). ≪Adjustment and family functioning of grandmothers rearing their grandchildren≫ . Contemporary Family Therapy (????????). 16 (1): 67?82. doi : 10.1007/bf02197603 . ISSN   0892-2764 . S2CID   144923568 .
  32. ↑ 32,0 32,1 32,2 Hayslip, Bert; Kaminski, Patricia L. (2005 ?? ?????? 1). ≪Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren: A Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Practice≫ . The Gerontologist (????????). 45 (2): 262?269. doi : 10.1093/geront/45.2.262 . ISSN   0016-9013 . PMID   15799992 .
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 33,3 Zhou, Jing; Mao, Weiyu; Lee, Yura; Chi, Iris (2016 ?? ???????? 4). ≪The Impact of Caring for Grandchildren on Grandparents' Physical Health Outcomes: The Role of Intergenerational Support≫ . Research on Aging (????????). 39 (5): 612?634. doi : 10.1177/0164027515623332 . PMID   26733495 . S2CID   3501128 .
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 Arpino, Bruno; Bordone, Valeria (2014 ?? ?????? 1). ≪Does Grandparenting Pay Off? The Effect of Child Care on Grandparents' Cognitive Functioning≫. Journal of Marriage and Family (????????). 76 (2): 337?351. doi : 10.1111/jomf.12096 . ISSN   1741-3737 .
  35. ↑ Hauser, Robert M.; Weir, David (2010 ?? ????? 1). ≪Recent developments in longitudinal studies of aging in the United States≫ . Demography (????????). 47 (1): S111?S130. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.639.1281 . doi : 10.1353/dem.2010.0012 . ISSN   0070-3370 . PMC   4677668 . PMID   21302430 .
  36. ↑ Hughes, Mary Elizabeth; Waite, Linda J.; LaPierre, Tracey A.; Luo, Ye (2007 ?? ????? 1). ≪All in the Family: The Impact of Caring for Grandchildren on Grandparents' Health≫ . The Journals of Gerontology: Series B . 62 (2): S108?S119. doi : 10.1093/geronb/62.2.s108 . ISSN   1079-5014 . PMC   2562755 . PMID   17379680 .
  37. ↑ Xu, Ling; Tang, Fengyan; Li, Lydia W.; Dong, Xin Qi (2017 ?? ??????? 1). ≪Grandparent Caregiving and Psychological Well-Being Among Chinese American Older Adults?The Roles of Caregiving Burden and Pressure≫ . The Journals of Gerontology: Series A . 72 (suppl_1): S56?S62. doi : 10.1093/gerona/glw186 . ISSN   1079-5006 . PMID   28575256 .
  38. ↑ Crowther, Martha R.; Huang, Chao-Hui (Sylvia); Allen, Rebecca S. (2015 ?? ?????????? 2). ≪Rewards and unique challenges faced by African-American custodial grandmothers: the importance of future planning≫. Aging & Mental Health . 19 (9): 844?852. doi : 10.1080/13607863.2014.967175 . ISSN   1360-7863 . PMID   25345592 . S2CID   45508861 .
  39. ↑ Lee, Kin Cheung (George); Oh, Alice; Zhao, Qianru; Wu, Fang-Yi; Chen, Shiyun; Diaz, Thomas; Ong, Chez Kuang (2017 ?? ??????? 3). ≪Repentance in Chinese Buddhism: Implications for Mental Health Professionals≫. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health . 19 (3): 210?226. doi : 10.1080/19349637.2016.1204258 . ISSN   1934-9637 . S2CID   147858749 .
  40. ↑ Chen, Ellen Marie; Center, Philosophy Documentation (1969 ?? ???????? 1). ≪Nothingness and the Mother Principle in Early Chinese Taoism≫. International Philosophical Quarterly . 9 (3): 391?405. doi : 10.5840/ipq19699332 .
  41. ↑ Cong, Zhen; Silverstein, Merril (2012 ?? ?????). ≪Caring for grandchildren and intergenerational support in rural China: a gendered extended family perspective≫ . Ageing & Society . 32 (3): 425?450. doi : 10.1017/s0144686x11000420 . ISSN   1469-1779 . S2CID   36069431 .
  42. ↑ ?雪. ≪【吾老吾幼·大山深?的留守】留守祖母：大山深?的奉??思念_新??道_央??(cctv.com)≫ . news.cctv.com . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ????????? 23-?? .
  43. ↑ ≪留守??去世多日无人知 1?半?女??死≫ . news.ifeng.com . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ????????? 23-?? .
  44. ↑ Minkler, Meredith; Driver, Diane; Roe, Kathleen M.; Bedeian, Katherine (1993 ?? ?????????? 1). ≪Community Interventions To Support Grandparent Caregivers≫. The Gerontologist . 33 (6): 807?811. doi : 10.1093/geront/33.6.807 . ISSN   0016-9013 . PMID   8314108 .
  45. ↑ Goodman, Catherine; Silverstein, Merril (2002 ?? ?????????? 1). ≪Grandmothers Raising Grandchildren≫ . The Gerontologist (????????). 42 (5): 676?689. doi : 10.1093/geront/42.5.676 . ISSN   0016-9013 . PMID   12351803 .
  46. ↑ Edmonds Crewe, Sandra (2007 ?? ???????? 1). ≪Different Pathways to a Common Destiny≫. Journal of Health & Social Policy . 22 (3?4): 199?214. doi : 10.1300/J045v22n03_13 . ISSN   0897-7186 . PMID   17855247 . S2CID   35769425 .
  47. ↑ Angel, Jacqueline L.; Angel, Ronald J.; McClellan, Judi L.; Markides, Kyriakos S. (1996 ?? ???????? 1). ≪Nativity, Declining Health, and Preferences in Living Arrangements Among Elderly Mexican Americans: Implications for Long-term Care≫ . The Gerontologist . 36 (4): 464?473. doi : 10.1093/geront/36.4.464 . ISSN   0016-9013 . PMID   8771974 .
  48. ↑ Szinovacz, Maximiliane (1998). Handbook on Grandparenthood (????????). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN   9780313298868 .
  49. ↑ Pruchno, Rachel (1999 ?? ?????? 1). ≪Raising Grandchildren: The Experiences of Black and White Grandmothers≫. The Gerontologist . 39 (2): 209?221. doi : 10.1093/geront/39.2.209 . ISSN   0016-9013 . PMID   10224717 .
  50. ↑ Cherlin, Andrew J.; Furstenberg, Frank F. (1992). The new American grandparent : a place in the family, a life apart (1st Harvard University Press pbk. ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN   9780674029484 . OCLC   434586472 .
  51. ↑ Jean Lebrun , ≪ Les grands-parents ≫, emission La Marche de l'Histoire sur France Inter, 28 juin 2012
  52. ↑ 52,0 52,1 Vincent Gourdon (2001). Histoire des grands-parents . Perrin. ISBN   978-2-262-01767-5 .
  53. ↑ Andre Burguiere (1993). ≪Les transformations de la culture familiale et des structures domestiques autour de la Revolution≫. Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest . 100 (4): 405.
  54. ↑ France, Cour de cassation, Chambre civile 1, 28 fevrier 2006, 05-14484 (?????????), 2006 ?? ???????? 28 , ??????? ? 2023 ?? ?????????? 14-??
  55. ↑ Jean-Marc Rohrbasser (2001). ≪Histoire des grands-parents≫. Population . 56 (6): 1079?1081.
  56. ↑ ≪aieul : definition de aieul, citations, exemples et usage pour aieul dans le dictionnaire de francais Littre adapte du grand dictionnaire de la langue francaise d'Emile Littre≫ . littre.reverso.net . ??????? ? 2023 ?? ?????????? 14-?? .
  57. ↑ ≪AIEUL : Definition de AIEUL≫ . www.cnrtl.fr . ??????? ? 2023 ?? ?????????? 14-?? .
  58. ↑ Gilles Pronovost; Chantale Dumont; Isabelle Bitaudeau (2008). La famille a l'horizon 2020 . PUQ. ?? 275.
  59. ↑ ≪Art. 274a1D. Relations personnelles / II. Tiers≫ . Code civil suisse du 10 decembre 1907 (Etat le 1er janvier 2016) . ??????? ? 2016 ?? ???????? 29-?? . .
  60. ↑ ≪Personalized gifts for Grandma≫ . Suzitee - Personalized & Unique Custom Gifts For Every Occasion (????????) . ??????? ? 2023 ?? ?????????? 14-?? .
  61. ↑ ≪Pas de droit de visite legal pour les grands-parents≫ . Le Matin (?????????). 2012 ?? ?????????? 10. ISSN   1018-3736 . ??????? ? 2023 ?? ?????????? 14-?? .

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