???????? ???? 3.1

???????? ???? 3.1
?????	Windows NT , ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??
???????	??????????
?????? ?????????	??????? 27 , 1993
???? ?	??????????
?????????	Microsoft end-user license agreement ?
??????	Windows 3.1 ?
??????	Windows NT 3.5 ?

Windows NT 3.1 -? ??????????? Windows NT ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ? ????????????????? ??? ????? ? ?????????? 1993 ??????? ??????? 27-??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????, ?? ????????????? Windows 3.1 -? ???????, ??? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? , ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? NT 3.1-? ????? ???????????????? Windows NT 3.1-? ? Windows NT Advanced Server-? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? Windows NT 3.5 -? 1994 ??????? ????????????

??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? Intel x86 -??, DEC Alpha -??, ? MIPS R4000 CPUs -???

????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????:?????? ???

Windows NT-? ????? ???????? 1988 ?-? ??????????, ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? , ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? VMS -? ? RSX-11 -? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????, ??? ??????? ? HAL .

? ??????? Windows NT-? ?????????? ?? ????? OS/2 3.0? ???????? ????????? 3-?? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?? Microsoft-? ? IBM -? ??? ???????? ??? 1990 ?-? ??????? Windows 3.0 -? ????? ???????????, ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???????, ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? NT OS/2 (?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????) ? OS/2 API-?? ?????? Windows API ? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ? IBM-? ???? ? ? ????? ??????????????????? ????????? IBM-? ?????????? ????????? OS/2-? ?????, ??????? Microsoft-? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? Windows NT-? ????

Windows NT-? (??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? "Windows Advanced Server for LAN Manager") ??????????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? 1991 ?-? ^[1] ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? 1993 ?-? ??????? ??????????? ` ?????????? ?

???????? ???????????? ??????? Windows NT-??? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????, ???? ?? Native API -? ??, ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? Windows API-?? Windows NT-? Microsoft-? ?????? ??????? 1-?? ???????? ????????? ??, ??? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????????` ???????? ? Windows NT-? ????????? Win32 API -?, ??? 16 ??? Windows API-? 32 ??? ????? ??? ??? 16 ??? Windows ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????????????? Win32-? ??? ???????? ???? API-?? ??????? ??? ????????????????????, ???????? ?? ????????????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????????

??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? , ??? ?? "NTOS", ??? ????????? ? Windows NT-? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ntoskrnl.exe. ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??, ?? ??? ???????? ? OS/2-? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? "NT OS/2"-?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ? Windows NT-? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????????????

???????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

? ??????? NT-? ????????? ?? ??????, ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????????? ????????? ????? ? C ? C++ ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????, ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? (??.` ??????????? ????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????) ????????? ?? HAL -? ????

??? NT-? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ARC -? ?????????????????, ???????????? non-x86 ????????? ???????????

i860 [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

? ??????? NT-? ??????? ?? ????? Intel i860 CPU-? ???, ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? N10: ?????????????? i860-? "????????? ??? ?? ????? ???????", ??? ???????? NT-? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? i860-? ???????? ???????????, ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ? NT-? ??????????????? ???????????? i860-?? i860-?? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????????????? ? ???????? x86 ??????? ??????????????? ^[2]?

x86 [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

NT 3.1 ??????? Intel x86 32 ??? ??????????? (80386 and later)? ??????????? 16 ??? Windows 3.x-? ???? NT ???????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? Windows NT 3.1-? Windows NT-? ???? ????????? ?, ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? 386 ?????????? ^[3]?

MIPS [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Windows NT-? ?????????? ? ??? MIPS R4000?????????? , ???????? MIPS ??????????, ????? ???????? ??????????????? Advanced RISC Computing ?????????????? ?????????????

Alpha [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? NT beta-? ???????? ?????????????????? ???? ??? DEC Alpha ????????? ???? ?????????????? Alpha-? ??????????? ???????? Microsoft-? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? Alpha ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? NT-? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? NT-? ????????? ????? Alpha-??? NT-? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? NT 3.1-? ???? CD-?? Alpha ?????????????????? ???????? ??????

???????????????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

16 ??? Windows [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Windows NT-? ???????????? ? 16 ??? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ??????? ? " Windows on Windows " (WOW), ??? ????? ? ???? Windows 3.x-? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? NT-???? ????????????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? DOS ????????? ?????????, ??????????????

NT 3.1-??? ????? 16 ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? WOW ??????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??, ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? 16 ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? WOW ?????? (? ???????? ??? 16 ??? ??????? ??????)? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????? ??, ???????? WOW-? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? Windows-? ???????????? ??????

32 ??? Windows [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

NT-? ??? ????????? Win32 -?, ??? Windows API-? 32 ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????, ?? ??? 16 ??? Windows ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????? Win32-? ??? ????? ???? 16 ??? Windows-? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????????? Win32 API-? ???????? (?? ???? ?????????????????) Windows 95 -?? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????, ???? ?? Microsoft-? 16 ??? ?????????? ???? ????????????????

Win32-? ???????????? API ?, ??? ?? ???????????????? ? ?????????? OS-??? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? UI-? ??????? NT-? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ????????? ?, ?? ????? Win32 ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? C/C++ Win32 API-??; ????????? ??? ?, ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??? NT ????????? ????????? ?????????? (??. ??????????????? x86-?? MIPS NT) ????????? ????????? ? ???????????? (???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????????????, ?????? ??.` ??? ????????????????? ?????????? ????? ?? endianness -? ?????)?

OS/2 [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? "NT OS/2" ???????? ??? ??????? ????? "Windows NT", ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? HPFS ????? ????????? ??? ? x86 ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? 16 ??? OS/2 ????????? OS/2 API-?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? 16 ??? OS/2-??? ? DOS/Windows-???, ??? ???????? ????? ????????? Win32 API-??? ??? 16 ??? OS/2 ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? NT ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????

OS/2-? ? Windows-? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? (DLLs) ??????????????? ?????? Windows-? ? OS/2 DLLs-? ??????????? ???-?? ???? ?????????? ??, ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??, ?? ???????? ???? OS/2 ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? NT-? ?????? ??????? ??????????????????

POSIX [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Windows NT 3.1-? ???????? ?? ????????????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ?? POSIX -??? ?? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????????????????? POSIX-? ?????????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??????

????????????? ???????, ?? POSIX-? ?????????????????? API ????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? POSIX ???????? ????????? ???????? ??, ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ??? ??????? ?? POSIX-? ??????????? ??? POSIX-? ???????? ????? ?, ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????

POSIX ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? UNIX ??? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ? ????? ???????????? ????????????? (???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ??? Windows-? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??)?

Internet Explorer [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Microsoft-? ????????? Internet Explorer -?? ??????? IE2 -?? ? ???????? Internet Explorer 5.0 -? Windows NT 3.x-? ?????? ??? IE 1.5-? ????????? NT-??, ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? IE2-? ????? ?????? ?????

???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Windows NT
Windows NT Advanced Server

???? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

NT 3.1-? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????????? NBF (???????????? NetBEUI API), TCP/IP ? DLC:

????????-??????? ????????? ??????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

NT-? ????? ?????? ???? ????????-??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ?? Microsoft LAN Manager -? IBM LAN Server -? ???????? NT 3.1-??? ?? ???? ????????? ???????????????? ? ?????? LAN Manager ????? ??? ???????? ?????, ?????? ??? NT ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????? NBF? NT-? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ? NT ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? (???????? ??? ??????? ?? DC-? ??????????????????? OS/2 LAN Manager ??????? ???)?

TCP/IP [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Windows NT 3.1-? Windows-? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??, ?? ???????? TCP/IP ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? TCP/IP ?????? SpiderTCP-? ??, ??? ???????? ?? Spider Systems -? ??????? NT 3.5-??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ^[4]?

TCP/IP ?????? ???????? WinSock -? ? STREAMS -? ???????????????, ???? ??? ?????????? ?? Microsoft LAN Manager-? ??? NT ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? DHCP -? ???????? ??????? ???, ??? ???????? IP ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? NT 3.5-?? ????????? NBT -?, DHCP-? ? WINS -? ????????????????

????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????????? ????????? ????? ??????????? (DLC) ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????, ??????????? ???, ????? ??????????? ??? HP JetDirect ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? Microsoft SNA Server -? ?????? IBM mainframe ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????

?????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

G. Pascal Zachary (1994). "Show Stopper!: The Breakneck Race to Create Windows NT and the Next Generation at Microsoft", Free Press, ISBN 0-02-935671-7

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ≪Windows Products and Technologies History: Windows Server Products History≫ . Microsoft. 2003 ?? ??????? 30 . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .
↑ Mark Lucovsky (2000 ?? ???????? 9). ≪Windows A Software Engineering Odyssey≫ . USENIX . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .
↑ ≪STOP screen when installing Windows NT 3.5 on 386 SMP machine≫ . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .
↑ Adam Barr (2001 ?? ??????? 19). ≪Microsoft, TCP/IP, Open Source, and Licensing≫ . Kuro5hin . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .

??????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Guidebook: Windows NT 3.1 Gallery - A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces

[1] ≪Windows Products and Technologies History: Windows Server Products History≫ . Microsoft. 2003 ?? ??????? 30 . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .

[2] Mark Lucovsky (2000 ?? ???????? 9). ≪Windows A Software Engineering Odyssey≫ . USENIX . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .

[3] ≪STOP screen when installing Windows NT 3.5 on 386 SMP machine≫ . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .

[4] Adam Barr (2001 ?? ??????? 19). ≪Microsoft, TCP/IP, Open Source, and Licensing≫ . Kuro5hin . ??????? ? 2009 ?? ?????????? 4-?? .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]