????? (?????)

????? (?????)
?????	?????? ????? ? ??????? ?????
???????	Southern Bantu ?
???????	??? ? ????????
????????? ?????	1 064 000 ????
????????? ????????????????	????????????????? ????????? ????????
????? ????????	????????? ????????
IETF	ve
???? 7.75?97	вед 134
ISO 639-1	ve
ISO 639-2	ven
ISO 639-3	ven
	Venda language ?????????????

????? (???????) , ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????- ?????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? (???-? ??? ????????)? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ? 1,152 ?????? ????, ???? ???-???` 1,022 ?????? (2001 ??????? ??????????), ???????????, 130 ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? (1948 ?., 1967-1971 ??.) ??????????? ? 1978 ??????? ?. ??????? ????????` ??? ??????????? ? S ?????, ????? ????? (S.20) ? ???? S.21 ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??`??????, ???????????, ?????????, ??????, ??????, ????????, ??????????

????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ????? ?????????? ?, ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? (???????????????) ??????????? ????????? (17 ??? ? 2 ???????)?

??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

????? ???????? ?? 19-?? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? C, J ? Q ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????????????

????? ????????
A a	B b	(C c)	D d	? ?	E e	F f
G g	H h	I i	(J j)	K k	L l	? ?
M m	N n	? ?	? ?	O o	P p	(Q q)
R r	S s	T t	? ?	U u	V v	W w
X x	Y y	Z z

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

letter(s)	value(s) in IPA	notes
a	[a] , [?]
b	[b]
bv	[b?v]
bw	[b?w] or [bj]	Varies by dialect
d	[d]
dz	[d?z]
dzh	[d??]	Similar to English "j"
dzw	[d?zw]
?	[d?]
e	[?] , [e]
f	[f]
fh	[?]
g	[?]
h	[?] , [h]	Pronounced [h] before e .
hw	[?w]
i	[i]
k	[k?]
kh	[k?]
khw	[k?w]
l	[?]
?	[l?]
m	[m] , [m?]	M is syllabic [m?] , when the following syllable begins with m .
n	[n] , [n?]	N is syllabic when the following syllable begins with n .
ng	[ŋ?]
ny	[?]
nz	[nd?z]
?	[n?]
?	[ŋ]
?w	[ŋw]
o	[?] , [o]
p	[p?]
ph	[p?]
pf	[p?f]
pfh	[p?f?]
r	[?]
s	[s]
sh	[?]
sw	[?]
t	[t?]
th	[t?]
ts	[t?s]
tsh	[t???]
tsw	[t?sw]
ty	[c]
?	[t?]
?h	[t?h]
u	[u]
v	[v]
vh	[β]
w	[w]
x	[x]	Similar to the ch in Scottish loch .
xw	[xw]
y	[j]
z	[z]
zh	[?]
zw	[?]

?????????? ????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? (≪ ????????? ????? ?????? ≫), ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?? 2004 ????????? 2018 ??????? ???????? 29-? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ? 266 ?????? (????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? 1631), ?????? ???????? ?? 4466 ???????????, ??????? ?? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? 30 ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ??????? 11 ???????????, ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ? 16 813 ^[3]?

????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Ziervogel D. A Handbook of the Venda language. Pretoria, 1961
Poulos G. A Linguistic Analysis of Venda Pretoria, 1990.

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ≪????? (?????)≫ ?????????

[_4d7a283076eb118d-1] ScriptSource - South Africa

[_e95f9ac67179f52f-2] ScriptSource - Zimbabwe

[3] ????? ?????????, ????????? ??????????

[1]

[2]

[3]