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??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????????, ??? ?? MMF-?? ??? ????????????, ?? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????, ???` ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ?, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????
??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????, ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ????????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? (???????????? ?/??? ???????????) ???? ?? ????? (???????? ?????? ?????????????) ????????? ??? ??????????, ???????????, ????? ????????????????? ?? ???? ???????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ?????????, ??????????, ????-????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????
??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??????, ???????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? (????? ?????? ???? ??????? 2-???? ?????), ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? (??????? ?????????? ????????????) ???????, ? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????? (
???????????
)?
????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ? 3-6 ????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? 3 ???????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ????????? 80 %-?, ??? ??? 4 ????????? 90 %-?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????, ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????
-
??????????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????:
-
?????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????????, ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???:
-
?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????-???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????
-
?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????:
2013 ????????
??????????
(Cochrane) ?? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????????????????, ????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????? (??? ??????????) ? ?? ???????????? (??? ??????????) ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???
[24]
?
??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?
[25]
? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????, ???? ??????? ? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ???????, ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ???
????????
, ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????, ???????? ???????, ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????
??????? ??????
, ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??? (? ????????????? ??? ?????????)? ??? ??????
???????????? ???????????????
?? ??????????? ???? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???????
[25]
? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????????, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? (??????? ??? ???????? (Walker) ??????????)
[26]
[27]
?
??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? MMF-? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? (??? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????), ? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? (??????????????????? ? ???????????????? ???????????) ??? ???????????? MMF ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ??? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ????????
??? ?????? ????? ???????????? 1 ??-?? ???? ?, ????? ???????? ? ??
??????????
????????????????????? ??? ???????, ???????????????????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ??????????
?????????
? ??? ?????????? (??? ???????, ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ????????), ????? ? ????????? ??? ?????????
??????????? ???????
? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????????
[28]
?
?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????, ????,
??????????? ????
?????????, ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????, MMF-? ? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????, ????? ? ???????????
??????? ???????
[29]
[30]
?
??? ?????????, ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? (????? ?????????? ?? ?????), ??????????? ??? ???????????, ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????-???? ????????, ??? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????????????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????, ? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ? ????????????
[31]
?
????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ? 4-6 ?????, ??? MMF, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? (RIF) ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ???????????, ????? ??????? ?? MMF-??, ????? ?????, ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????, ??????? RIF-?? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ??
?????????
????????
?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???
???????????? ??????
?????????? ????????, ??????? ????????????? ? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? (?????? ????????????, ?????????? ????????, ????????), ?????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ?????
[32]
?
??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ?????, ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ?/??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?, ????? ??? ? ?????, ?? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?, ???? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ? ?????????
[25]
? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?
[20]
[33]
?
????????, ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ????? ???????????
[34]
?
?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ?????????????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??
[35]
, ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? (???-????) ??
[36]
? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? (????????, ??????????)
[37]
? ????? ????????????, ????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????, ???-???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?, ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? 80 %-? ????????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????, ? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????
[38]
? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????????, ????? ???????????? ??? 10 %-? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ? ???????? ???-???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????????????, ????????? ????? ????? ? 50 %-??, ??? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? 4 ?????
[39]
?
?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ??? ?????????????? 1700 ???? ????
?????-????? ???????????
, ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?
?????????
?????? (?????? 460??????), ≪??????????, ???? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ????????????????????, ???? ? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????≫? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ? 1869 ??????
[40]
? 19-?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ?????? MMF-? (???? ??????????), 1970-???? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????????, ??? 1980-???? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????
- ↑
1,00
1,01
1,02
1,03
1,04
1,05
1,06
1,07
1,08
1,09
1,10
1,11
1,12
Murray, JM (2013 ?? ?????).
≪Mandible fractures and dental trauma≫
.
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.
31
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doi
:
10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.002
.
PMID
23601489
.
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Al-Moraissi, EA; Ellis E, 3rd (2015 ?? ????). ≪Surgical treatment of adult mandibular condylar fractures provides better outcomes than closed treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis≫.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
.
73
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doi
:
10.1016/j.joms.2014.09.027
.
PMID
25577459
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 ????? ?????? ????????: authors list (
link
)
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Shridharani, SM; Berli, J; Manson, PN; Tufaro, AP; Rodriguez, ED (2015 ?? ?????????). ≪The Role of Postoperative Antibiotics in Mandible Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature≫.
Annals of Plastic Surgery
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.
PMID
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Kyzas, PA (2011 ?? ?????).
≪Use of antibiotics in the treatment of mandible fractures: a systematic review≫
.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
.
69
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:
10.1016/j.joms.2010.02.059
.
PMID
20727642
.
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Fonseca RJ, Barber HD, Powers MP, Frost DE (2012).
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(4th ed.). W B Saunders Co.
ISBN
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.
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6,0
6,1
6,2
6,3
6,4
6,5
Banks P, Brown A; Brown, Andrew E. (2000).
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. Oxford: Wright. ???? 1?4, 10?14, 17?20, 42?47, 68, 81?119.
ISBN
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.
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Stewart, ed. by Michael G. (2005).
Head, face and neck trauma comprehensive management
. Stuttgart: Thieme. ?? 107.
ISBN
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.
??????????
?????????? 2017 ?? ?????????? 8-??.
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Barron, RP; Kainulainen, VT; Gusenbauer, AW; Hollenberg, R; Sandor, GK (2002 ?? ?????????).
≪Management of traumatic dislocation of the mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa≫
(PDF)
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68
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PMID
12513935
.
??????????
(PDF)
?????????? 2013 ?? ?????????? 19-??.
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https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13256-017-1316-1
; retrieved 2018-05-20
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Ritesh Kalaskar, Ashita & Kalaskar, Ritesh. (2017). Isolated tympanic plate fracture detected by cone-beam computed tomography: report of four cases with review of literature. Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 43. 356. DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.5.356.
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White, Stuart; Pharoah, Michael J (2000).
Oral Radiology Principals & Interpretation
. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.
ISBN
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Nair, M. K.; Nair, U. P. (2001).
≪Imaging of mandibular trauma: ROC analysis≫
.
Academic Emergency Medicine
.
8
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10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb00186.x
.
PMID
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Laskin, Daniel (2007).
Decision making in oral and maxillofacial surgery
. Chicago: Quintessence Pub. Co.
ISBN
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.
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Roth, F. S.; Kokoska, M. S.; Awwad, E. E.; Martin, D. S.; Olson, G. T.; Hollier, L. H.; Hollenbeak, C. S. (2005). ≪The identification of mandible fractures by helical computed tomography and panorex tomography≫.
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.
PMID
15915103
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Abdel-Galil, K.; Loukota, R. (2010).
≪Fractures of the mandibular condyle: Evidence base and current concepts of management≫
.
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48
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.
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Vanhove, F.; Dom, M.; Wackens, G. (1997). ≪Fracture of the coronoid process: Report of a case≫.
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94
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17,0
17,1
17,2
17,3
17,4
Hupp JR, Ellis E, Tucker MR (2008).
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(5th ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. ????
493
?495, 499?500, 502?507.
ISBN
9780323049030
.
- ↑
Abreu, ME; Viegas, VN; Ibrahim, D; Valiati, R; Heitz, C; Pagnoncelli, RM; Silva, DN (2009 ?? ?????? 1).
≪Treatment of comminuted mandibular fractures: a critical review≫
(PDF)
.
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal
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14
(5): E247?51.
PMID
19218899
.
??????????
(PDF)
?????????? 2016 ?? ????? 5-??.
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Nasser, M.; Fedorowicz, Z.; Ebadifar, A. (2007). Nasser, Mona (ed.). ≪Management of the fractured edentulous atrophic mandible≫.
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10.1002/14651858.CD006087.pub2
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17253578
.
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20,0
20,1
Goth, S.; Sawatari, Y.; Peleg, M. (2012). ≪Management of Pediatric Mandible Fractures≫.
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
.
23
(1): 47?56.
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:
10.1097/SCS.0b013e318240c8ab
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PMID
22337373
.
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Pektas, Z. O.; Bayram, B.; Balcik, C.; Develi, T.; Uckan, S. (2012). ≪Effects of different mandibular fracture patterns on the stability of miniplate screw fixation in angle mandibular fractures≫.
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.
41
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doi
:
10.1016/j.ijom.2011.11.008
.
PMID
22178275
.
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Hermund, N. U.; Hillerup, S. R.; Kofod, T.; Schwartz, O.; Andreasen, J. O. (2008). ≪Effect of early or delayed treatment upon healing of mandibular fractures: A systematic literature review≫.
Dental Traumatology
.
24
(1): 22?26.
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:
10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00499.x
.
PMID
18173660
.
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Williams, J Llewellyn (1994).
Rowe and Williams' Maxillofacial Injuries
. London: Churchhill Livingstone. ?? 283.
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.
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Nasser, M; Pandis, K; Fleming, P; Ferdowicz, Z; Ellis, E; Ali, K (2013). ≪Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures≫.
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(7): CD006087.
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:
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23835608
.
- ↑
25,0
25,1
25,2
Sharif, MO; Fedorowicz, Z; Drews, P; Nasser, M; Dorri, M; Newton, T; Oliver, R (2010 ?? ?????? 14). ≪Interventions for the treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle≫.
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.
PMID
20393948
.
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Andersson, Lars (2012).
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Myall, R. W. T. (2009). ≪Management of Mandibular Fractures in Children≫.
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19348985
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Madsen, M. J.; Haug, R. H.; Christensen, B. S.; Aldridge, E. (2009). ≪Management of Atrophic Mandible Fractures≫.
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(2): 175?183, v.
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10.1016/j.coms.2008.12.006
.
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19348982
.
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Peleg, M.; Sawatari, Y. (2010). ≪Management of Gunshot Wounds to the Mandible≫.
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21
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:
10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181e2065b
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20613603
.
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Alpert, B.; Tiwana, P. S.; Kushner, G. M. (2009). ≪Management of Comminuted Fractures of the Mandible≫.
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10.1016/j.coms.2008.12.002
.
PMID
19348983
.
- ↑
Ezsias, A.; Sugar, A. W. (1994).
≪Pathological fractures of the mandible: A diagnostic and treatment dilemma≫
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32
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doi
:
10.1016/0266-4356(94)90051-5
.
PMID
7999738
.
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Kyrgidis, A.; Koloutsos, G.; Kommata, A.; Lazarides, N.; Antoniades, K. (2013). ≪Incidence, aetiology, treatment outcome and complications of maxillofacial fractures. A retrospective study from Northern Greece≫.
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.
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:
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.
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23332470
.
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Glazer, M.; Joshua, B. Z.; Woldenberg, Y.; Bodner, L. (2011). ≪Mandibular fractures in children: Analysis of 61 cases and review of the literature≫.
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.
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:
10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.10.008
.
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21035876
.
- ↑
Kragstrup, Tue W.; Christensen, Jennifer; Fejerskov, Karin; Wenzel, Ann (2011 ?? ???????).
≪Frey Syndrome?An Underreported Complication to Closed Treatment of Mandibular Condyle Fracture? Case Report and Literature Review≫
.
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
.
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doi
:
10.1016/j.joms.2010.12.033
.
PMID
21496996
.
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Kruger, Gustav (1984).
Textbook of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
. St. Louis, Missouri: CV Mosby.
ISBN
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.
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Natu, S. S.; Pradhan, H.; Gupta, H.; Alam, S.; Gupta, S.; Pradhan, R.; Mohammad, S.; Kohli, M.; Sinha, V. P.; Shankar, R.; Agarwal, A. (2012).
≪An Epidemiological Study on Pattern and Incidence of Mandibular Fractures≫
.
Plastic Surgery International
.
2012
: 1?7.
doi
:
10.1155/2012/834364
.
PMC
3503282
.
PMID
23227327
.
{{
cite journal
}}
: CS1 ????? ????????? ???? DOI (
link
)
- ↑
Berkowitz, I.; Bornman, P. C.; Kottler, R. E. (2008). ≪Cystic Duct Entry - Another Cause of Pseudocalculus≫.
Endoscopy
.
22
(2): 85?87.
doi
:
10.1055/s-2007-1012801
.
PMID
2335148
.
- ↑
Ethunandan, M; Shanahan, D; Patel, M (2012 ?? ???????? 24). ≪Iatrogenic mandibular fractures following removal of impacted third molars: an analysis of 130 cases≫.
British Dental Journal
.
212
(4): 179?84.
doi
:
10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.135
.
PMID
22361547
.
- ↑
Wilson, William C (2007).
Trauma: Emergency Resuscitation, Perioperative Anesthesia, Surgical Management (Volume 1)
. Google eBooks: Informa Healthcare. ???? 417?418.
ISBN
978-1-280-73024-5
.
- ↑
Wilson, William C (2007).
Trauma: Emergency Resuscitation, Perioperative Anesthesia, Surgical Management (Volume 1)
. Google eBooks: Informa Healthcare. ?? 417.
ISBN
978-1-280-73024-5
.