???????? ?????????????

????????????? ???? ??????????????

???????? ????????????? , ????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????????????, ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????????????, ???????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? , ?? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ????????????? ??????????  ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????, ??? ??????? ≪????????≫ ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?, ??????? ???????????????? ???????????, ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? 15-?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ? ????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? 19-?? ???? ????? ? 20-?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ≪???????? ???????????? ???? ?????????≫? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????, ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????

???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?? ?? ????????, 2010

??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? [1] ? ??? ????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ????????? [2] ? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ? ????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? , ?? ????????????? ????????????? , ?????? ??? ????? , ??? ?????????? ? ? ???????????? ? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? [3] [4] ? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ?, ?? ≪????? ?????????? ... ??????? ???, ??? ???????≫? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????????????, ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????, ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ≪????? ??????≫ ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? [5] ?

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????????????, ??????? ?? ?????????????????????, ????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ????? 18-?? ??????, ??? ≪???????????≫ ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????????, ?? ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????????, ???????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???, ????? ????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????????????? , ?????? ??? ????????? ????????

1962 ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ≪?????????? ?????≫ ?????? ??????? ??, ?? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????? ? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??, ?? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????????????, ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??? ≪???? ???????≫ -? ? ≪?????? ????????≫ -?, 18-?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????

??? ??????????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

17-?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ≪???????????≫ ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????, ????? ? ????????????? ????? ??????? ?????? [6] [7] ? 1690 ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ≪???? ????????? ???????????? ?????≫ ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ≪??????? ????≫ ???????????, ???????? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ? ????? ???????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????

???? ??? ?????????, ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ??????

19-?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ??????  ≪???? ???? ?????????≫-? (1697) [8] ? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ????, ?? 19-?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????  ? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????? [8] ? 17-?? ??????, ??? ????? ????, ???????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? , ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ≪??? ??????????? ?????≫-? ??????????? ??? ?? ???????? [9] ? ????????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? , ??? ?????????????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ?, ??? ??????? ≪????????? ???????????????≫ (1678) ????? ? [10] ?  

???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? [11] , ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????????, ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?????? ????????? , ???????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ??? [7] ? ?????? ????, ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? 17-?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ???????? ?, ???? ? ???????? ??? ?????? , ??? ≪?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????≫ ????? ???????? ? 1646 ???????? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ? ≪??? ???????? ??????????≫ -? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?, ?? ???????? ? 1691 ???????? ? ????? 100 ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????≪????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????≫ ? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? , ??????????? , ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????

?????????? ≪??????????≫ ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? 1697 ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????????? ???????

?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ? ≪??????? ???????≫ ?

???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? 16-?? ???? ?????? [1] ?

???????? (??????) ????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? 18-?? ???? ????? ?????????? [12] ? ≪???? ??????? ?????? ???????≫ -?, ??? ????? ? ??????????? ? ??? ????????? ??????, ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? 1744 ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????????, ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????????????, ????????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ????? [13] [14] ? ????????? ???????? ??, ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?????? [15] ? ?? ??? ??????? ??, ?? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ?, ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ??? ???????????? ????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ≪???? ?????≫-? ???????? ?????? ≪??????? ?????≫-?, ????? ?????? ??? 19-?? ???????

???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ???????????, ??????, ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?

???-??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??, ??? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ??, ?? ???????? ???? ? ????? ???, ?? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????

??????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? , ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ???, ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????????????

??????? ???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

1911 ???????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????` ≪????????? ??????≫ -?, ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????, ??????? ??? ≪????????????? ???????≫ -? ? ≪?????????? ?????????? ???????≫ -? [1] ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??, ?? ≪????????? ??????≫-??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ≪?????????????? ????? ?????≫ ????????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ???????????? 28 ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? 1932 ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ≪??? ??? ? ???? ???≫ ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ????? [1] ?

??????? ?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ?????????????? ????????, ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ≪????? ????????? ?????????≫ ? ??? ????????????????? ≪????? ??????? ?????????≫ ? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? 1902 ????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??, ?? ?????????? ≪????? ????????? ????????????≫ ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? 23 ???? ? ?????? ??????? ????

???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? 1940 ???????? [16] ? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ≪?????? ?????≫ -? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? 1930-???? ???????????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ??????  ??????????, ???????????, ?????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? 90 ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ?????????????, ??????? ????????????? ≪????? ??????? ??????≫ ?????, ??????????? ? 1942 ?????????

???????? ????????? ????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????????, ??? ????????????? ??????? 1390 ???????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ≪???????????? ? ???????≫ ?

???????? ? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ≪?????≫ -? [17] ? ≪????≫ -? [18] ? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ≪??????? ??????? ????≫ -?, ??? ???????????? ?? 1879-1967 ??????????? ? ≪????????? ??????? ????≫ -?, ??? ???????????? ?? 1880-1956 ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? , ????? ????? ? ????, ????????? ≪??????? ??????? ????≫-? ???????????

≪????????? ??????? ????≫-? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? , ???? ????? ????? , ???? ??????? , ???? ????? ? ?????

≪??????≫ ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?, ??? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? 1950 ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??? 900.000 ?????? [19] [20] ?

????????? ??????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ??? ????????????, ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ???, ????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????? ?, ????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? 18-?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ≪???? ???? ??????? ?????≫ ?

????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ≪?? ?????? ??????? ???????≫ ????????? ???? ?, ??? ??????????? ? 1900 ?????????

??????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????

1960-????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????, ???????? ??? ???????????, ???? ? ????????????????????

????????? ? ?????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? 1871 ????????? 1860-????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????????, ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ? ?? ???????? ??????? 1870-???? ? 1880-???? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????

?????????? ????????????, ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? 1913 ??? 1914 ???????? ???????? 10 ??????? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????, ? ????? ?????????? ????? 61 ???????? ????????  

???????????? ???????????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? 1932 ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Hunt, Peter (editor) (1996). International Companion Encyclopedia Of Children's Literature . Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-0-203-16812-7 . {{ cite book }} : |first= has generic name ( ?????????? )
  2. Nodelman, Perry (2008). The Hidden Adult: Defining Children's Literature . JHU. ?? 4. ISBN   978-0-8018-8980-6 .
  3. Library of Congress. ≪Children's Literature≫ (PDF) . LIbrary of Congress Collections Policy Statement . Library of Congress . ??????? ? 2013 ?? ??????? 1-?? .
  4. Chevalier, Tracy (1989). Twentieth-Century Children's Writers . Chicago: St. James Press. ISBN   978-0-912289-95-3 .
  5. Smith, Dinitia (2000 ?? ??????? 24). ≪The Times Plans a Children's Best-Seller List≫ . The New York Times . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ??????? 24-?? .
  6. Shavit, Zohar (2009). Poetics of Children's Literature . University of Georgia Press. ISBN   978-0-8203-3481-3 .
  7. 7,0 7,1 Reynolds, Kimberley (2011). Children's Literature: A Very Short Introduction . Oxford University Press .
  8. 8,0 8,1 Lyons, Martyn. 2011. Books: a living history. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.
  9. ≪To Instruct and Delight A History of Children's Literature≫ . Randon History. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2012 ?? ??????? 15-?? . ??????? ? 2012 ?? ??????? 16-?? .
  10. e.g. The New Amplified Pilgrim's Progress (both book and dramatized audio) ? as retold by James Pappas. Published by Orion's Gate (1999) and The Evergreen Wood: An Adaptation of the "Pilgrim's Progress" for Children written by Linda Perry, illustrated by Alan Perry. Published by Hunt & Thorpe, 1997. The Pilgrim's Progress#Retellings.
  11. Arbuthnot, May Hill (1964). Children and Books . United States: Scott, Foresman .
  12. ≪How the Newbery Award Got Its Name≫ .
  13. ≪Early Children's Literature: From moralistic stories to narratives of everyday life≫ .
  14. Marks, Diana F. (2006). Children's Book Award Handbook . Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited. ??  201 .
  15. Townsend, John Rowe. Written for Children . (1990). New York: HarperCollins. 0-06-446125-4 , pp. 15?16.
  16. Hunt, Peter (editor) (1996). International Companion Encyclopedia Of Children's Literature , pp. 475-6.
  17. BBC News, 16 August 2012
  18. The Telegraph , 27 July 2015
  19. Roger Sabin, Adult comics: an introduction (illustrated ed.), London: Taylor & Francis, 1993, p. 25.
  20. Dan Dare and the Birth of Hi-Tech Britain , sciencemuseum.org.uk, ?????????? ? ?????????? 2010 ?? ??????? 21-?? , ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 19-??

????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????????? ?? ≪???????? ?????????????≫ ?????????