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???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? 2016 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????:

??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??????????????? ? ??????? ????????? [1] [2] [3] ? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? , ????????? ?????????, ??????, ???????????, ??????????, ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ????????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????????????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ? ???????????????? [4] ?

???? ??????? ?????????????????, ??????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ? ???? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????, ???????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ????????????????? , ???????? ??????????????? [4] [5] ? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???, ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????????? ????????????, ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? [6] [7] ?

??????? ???????????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????????????? ? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????, ???? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????, ????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ? ???????? ??????????? ??, ??????????? ????????, ????????, ???? ????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? [4] [8] [9] ?

??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ????????????? ????? ??????????????, ????????????? ? ?????????? [4] [8] ? ??????????, ???????? ?? ??????, ???? ? ??????-????????? ???????????, ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???, ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? [9] ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????????? ???? 65 ????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????? [8] ? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? [4] ?

??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????? 2009 ???????? The Lancet -? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??. ≪??????? ????????????? 21-?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?≫ [10] ? ??????????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??? 2015 ???????? [11] ? 2019 ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? [12] ?

?????????????????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??, ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?, ????????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????, ????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ? ???????????? [13] ? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????????, ????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????, ????? ????????? ?, ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? [14] [15] ?

?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ? ????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ????????, ?????? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????????????? ??? [16] :????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ? ???????, ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ??? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?

??????? ???????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????????????, ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ????????, ??? ???????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????????, ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? [17] ? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? [18] ? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ? ????????? [19] ?

?????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? [20] ? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????????, ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? [21] ? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? [22] ? 2 °C (3,6 °F) ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? 10% -? ???????? ????? [23] :

??????? ??????????? ????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

The Lancet-??? ??????????? 2021 ??????? ???????? ????? ? ????, ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ?? ?????????, ??????, ?????????, ?????????, ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??????????????????? ? ??????? ?????????? [4] ?

??????????? ??????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???, ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ≪??????????????, ??????-?????????, ????????????, ????????????? (??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????), ???????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? [16] ?

??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? [9] ? ??????????? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????.

  • ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????, ??????????, ????????, ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? [4]
  • ????????? ??????????? ??? ??????. ????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????? (??????? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????, ??? ????? ?????????????, ??? ????? , ??? ???????????????? , ?????????????? ????????????? , ??????????? ?????????????)
  • ?????????? ???????? (?????? ? ????, ????????? ??????, ??????-????????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? , ???????? ????????????? ?????????????????? , ????????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????

??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????-????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ??? (?????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????) [9] ?

????????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? , ????????? ???????????????? , ??????? ???????????????? , ??????????? , ??????? ???????????????? , ??????? , ??????????? ? ?????????????? [9] ?

??????????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????, ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ? [4] [17] ?

????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? [24] ? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????? ? ???????????, ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? [25] ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? (PTSD): ??????? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????, ????????????, ?????????, ?????, ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? [26] ? ????????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ?????????, ??? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? [26] ? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ??? ????????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? [25] ?

????????? (?????????) ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? (2019 ?.) ??????????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?????????

????????? ?????, ??? ???? ? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???, ????? ?????? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? [27] [27] ? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????, ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????????????, ???????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????? [28] ? ???????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??, ????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ??, ???? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ? [29] ?

??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????????????????????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ???????????????? ?????????????, ?????????????, ????????????? ? ???????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????????? ??????, ???? ?????????????, ??????????? ?? ?????????????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???-??????????????? , ??????????? ???? ? ???-???????? [30] [31] ? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ????????????????? [32] ?

????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??? ????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ????????????? ? ??????????????? ???? [33] ?

????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????, ???? ? ????????? ?????????????? ???, ????????????????, ???? ? ????????????? ??????????????? (??????? ????????????), ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? [4] ?

????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ????? ? ????????? ???????????? ????? ? ????? 1,09 °C ???????? (????????? ? 0,95-?? 1,20 °C) 1850-1900-?? ????? 2011-2020 ??????????? ????? ????????????????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??? [18] ? 1970-????????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ????, ??? ???????? ??? 50-???? ?????????????, ??????? ?????? 2000 ????? ??????????

2023 ?. - ? ??????????????????? ????? ? ????, ?? 1960-1990 ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??? 600 ?????? ?????? (????????? ??????????? 9% -?) ???? ? ≪???????????? ?????≫ ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? [19] ?

2020 ?.-? ??????????????????? ????????? ?, ?? ??? ?????????, ????? ???????? ? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????, 50 ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????, ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? , ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? 29 °C-?? ????? ????? ≪?????? ???????????? ??????≫ ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? (MAT) ????????? ???, ? 2020 ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? [20] [21] ? ??? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ≪?????? ???????????? ?????≫ ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????????? ? ???? ? ??????????, ?? ≪??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????, ????? ? ????? ????? 68 ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ????????≫, ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? 2 °C-? [22] , ??? ??????????? ?, ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ? 1,5 °C-??

???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ???? [23]

???????? ????????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ????????????????????, ?????? (???????????? ??? ??????), ?????????, ????????? (65 ????????? ?????), ?????????? ????????????????, ???????????????? ? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? [4] ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? (????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????), ??????? ??????????? ? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? [4] ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? [4] [34] ?

??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ?? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ???, ?????????? ???? ????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????-???????? ? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????? [2] ? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ??, ??????, ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? [2] ? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? (CKD) [35] [36] : ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ????????? ???????????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???-? ????????? ??????

?????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ???????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????

????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? [37] [38] ? ????? ????? ???????????? 35 °C-??? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? (?????? ??????, ≪?????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ???≫ ????? ? ????????????) [39] ? 2020 ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? 35 °C, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?, ?? ??? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? [40] [41] [42] ? 1,5 ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ? ??????????? [37] ?

?????? ?????????????????????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ???????? 31 ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ? ?????? ? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ????????????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? 3 ????????? (?????????????? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ??????), ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????, ????????????, ???????????, ???????? ??????????, ???-???, ?????????????, ????????? ??????????? [43] ?

??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? (?????? ? ???????? , ?????????????? , ?????????? ????????????? ) ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????, ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? ? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ????? [44] , ???? ?? ?????????? ?, ?? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? [45] ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????, ????? ??????? ???, ??? ????? ??? ???????????/????????????? ???????????????? ?????, ???? ? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????????????? [44] [46] ?

???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ? 1,8-8,2%-?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ??? [47] ? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? 8%-?? ?? ? ????????? 29 °C-?? ????? ???????????? ????????????? 1 °C ?????????? ??????? [34] ?

????????? ?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?, ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???. ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????????:

???????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????????, ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? [48] [49] ? ?? ????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ???????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????, ????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????????? [34] ? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ? [49] ?

???????? ???????? ????????????? 30 °C-?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ? 1983-?? 2016 ??????????? [48] ? ??? ???? ? ??? 50%-??, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? [48] ?

????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? [50] ?

????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??, ?? ≪???????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ? ???????????, ????????????? ? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????????????, ?? ????? ? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ?????≫? 65 ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????? ? 2019 ???????? ?????? ? ??? 345,000 ???≫ [4] ? 2003 ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??? 70,000 ???????? [51] ? 2015-? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? 2000 ???? ? ????? 49 °C (120 °F) ???????? ???? ???????? [52] [53] ?

?????? ???????? (?????????) ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????????, ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ???????????????, ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????? [4] ?

???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ? ????????, ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? [54] [55] ? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???

???????????????? ??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ????????????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? [4] ? The Lancet-? ??????? Countdown ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ?, ?? 2021 ??????? ????????? ????? ???????????? 470 ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????????, ???? 37 ??????? ???? ?? ????????? 1990-???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????????????? (87%) ???? ? ????????????????? ???????? [2] ?

???????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????????????????, ?????? ??? ????????????? ????????, ???? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????, ???????? ?? ??????????, ??????????????, ??????????? ? ???????????? [1] [56] ?

????? ? ??????? ?????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

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Flat expanse of brown grasses and some green trees with black and some gray smoke and visible flames in the distance.
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??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????????? ? ????? ????????????? [69] ?  ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ???? ???????????? ???????????, ? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????, ????????? ????? ??? ???????????????, ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ? ???????? ??? ????? [70] ?

????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ?????????, ????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? [71] ? ????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? [70] ? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????????????, ???????? ?? ???????????? ? ?????????????? [72] ? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????????, ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? [70] ?

????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ? ?????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? . ?????? ????????, ????????????? ? ?????????????? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????-??????????? ?????????? , ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????????, ? ????????? ???????? ????? [71] ?

????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ????????????????, ????? ????? ?? ???????????????? ????, ?????? ? Aedes aegypti - ? ? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ?:

??????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? [73] ? ??????? ?????????????????, ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????????, ???????? ??, ??????,, ???????? ?? ????? ????? , ???????? , ?????? ????????? ?????????????????, ??????????? , ???? ????? , ????????????? ? ?????? ? ????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ??? ?, ?? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????? (??? ????????????????? ??????????) ????????????? ???????? ? ????????????????, ????? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ≪??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ? (????????????? ??? ????? ???????)≫? 2022 ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??, ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? [74] ?

??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????????????? (?????????? ?? ?????????, ????? ? ????? ???????), ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? (?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????) ? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? [1] ? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??? ????????????????? ???????? ??? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ? ??? ????????????????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? [4] ? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ? ???? ???????????????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??? ??????????

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????????????? ????? ????? ???????????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? [96] ? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ??????? 20% - ?? ????? ????? ?, ??? ?????? ????? ????????? [96] ? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? [97] ? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ? ?????? ? ????? ??? ????????????? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ?? NO2 ? VOC ?????????? ? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? [98] ?

???????? ??????????? ???, ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????? [99] [100] ? ????? (? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????) ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????, ???????, ????????, ???? ??????? ? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??? [101] [102] ? ????? ????????????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???, ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? [96] ? ??????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??, ?????????, ????????? ? ?????, ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? [103] ?

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????????????????? (?????????? ??????????) ?????? ?? ??? ????? (???) 2009 ?????????  ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????:

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??? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ?? ?????, ??? ??????? ? domoic ???? , ??? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ????? [107] [108] ? ?????????? ?, ?? ??? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? CO2-? ????? ??? ???????????????? ??? [107] ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??. ?????????? ???? ??????????? , ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? , ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? , ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? , ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? [107] ?

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CO2-? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? [109] [110] [111] ?

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??????????? ???????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????????????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? (??? ??????? ?? ≪???????? ????????≫) ????????? ??, ???? ?????????? ? ????? 21-?? ???? ≪??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????≫ [9] ? ?????????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? [114] ? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? (???????? ?? ??? ?????????????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????? [115] ) ? ?????? ? ??? ???????????? (??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????????) ????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ??? (?????? ????????????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?? ? ???????) [116] ?

??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??, ????? ????? ????????(??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???), ????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? [4] ? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? [4] ?

????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? (?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????), ≪?????? ???????? ???????≫, ??????? ???????????????? ????? 2040 ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? 1,18 ???????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? 5,86 ??????? ? 1,15 ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????????? [117] ? ??? ????????????????, ??? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ??????????? ? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????????? ??????, ???? ???????????????? 2018-? ????????? 8,7 ??? ??????????? ?????? [118] [119] ?

????????????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? [117] ?

?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????? ?, ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? [1] ? ?? ????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????, 2022 ???????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? [1] ?

????????????? ????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? [120]

?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? (???????????) ??? DALY -???? (????????????) ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? 2014 ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????????? ?? ???????? [121] ? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????????, ?????, ?????????, ??????, ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??, ?? ???????????? ?, ?? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? 250,000 ?????? ?????? 2030-?? 2050 ???????????, ???? ??? ?????? ?, ?? ≪??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???, ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????≫ [121] ?

2004?.-?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????, 3%-?, ????????? 3%-? ? ????? ?????? ???????????????? 3%-? ????? [122] ? ??????? 85%-? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????????????????

?????????? ?, ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? [123] [124] ? ?????????? ??????????? [125] ??????? ?, ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? 2 °C-?, ??????????? 1 ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? [126] ?

?????????????? ? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? (?????? ? ???? ???????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????????)? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??????? [127] ? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???, ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????????? [124] [128] [129] ?

??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? [1] ? ????????? ????????????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ???, ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ??????.????????????? ???????? (??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ), ???????? ????????, ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ????????????? (??? ??? ???????, ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?? ???????? ? ??????) [1] ?

???????????? ?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????????????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???, ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ?? ????????????????? ??????? ????? 2017 ??????? [130] [131] ? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????? [50] ? ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ? [50] ?

???????? ???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? [132] :

?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? [133] [134] ??????? ????????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ? 100 ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? 1989 ???????? [124] [135] ? 21-?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ? 2006 ???????? ?????????? ???-? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? 2018 ???????? ? ??? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ?? 2018-? ???????? ???? ? IPCC -? 2018-? ?????? ???????? 1,5 °C ?????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? [50] [124] [129] ?

????????????? ????? ????????? ? ?? ???????, ??? ????? ? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? [136] ?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 Cisse, G., R. McLeman, H. Adams, P. Aldunce, K. Bowen, D. Campbell-Lendrum, S. Clayton, K.L. Ebi, J. Hess, C. Huang, Q. Liu, G. McGregor, J. Semenza, and M.C. Tirado, 2022: Chapter 7: Health, Wellbeing, and the Changing Structure of Communities . In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Portner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegria, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Loschke, V. Moller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1041?1170, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.009.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 Marina Romanello, Claudia Di Napoli, Paul Drummond, Carole Green, Harry Kennard, Pete Lampard, Daniel Scamman, Nigel Arnell, Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson, Lea Berrang Ford, Kristine Belesova, Kathryn Bowen, Wenjia Cai, Max Callaghan, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Jonathan Chambers, Kim R van Daalen, Carole Dalin, Niheer Dasandi, Shouro Dasgupta, Michael Davies, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Robert Dubrow, Kristie L Ebi, Matthew Eckelman, Paul Ekins, Luis E Escobar, Lucien Georgeson, Hilary Graham, Samuel H Gunther, Ian Hamilton, Yun Hang, Risto Hanninen, Stella Hartinger, Kehan He, Jeremy J Hess, Shih-Che Hsu, Slava Jankin, Louis Jamart et al. (2022) The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels , The Lancet, Vol 400 November 5, DOI: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(22)01540-9
  3. ↑ Rocque, Rhea J; Beaudoin, Caroline; Ndjaboue, Ruth; Cameron, Laura; Poirier-Bergeron, Louann; Poulin-Rheault, Rose-Alice; Fallon, Catherine; Tricco, Andrea C; Witteman, Holly O (2021). ≪Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews≫. BMJ Open . 11 (6): e046333. doi : 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046333 .
  4. ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 4,12 4,13 4,14 4,15 4,16 4,17 4,18 4,19 Romanello, Marina; McGushin, Alice; Di Napoli, Claudia; Drummond, Paul; Hughes, Nick; Jamart, Louis; Kennard, Harry; Lampard, Pete; Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar; Arnell, Nigel; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; Belesova, Kristine; Cai, Wenjia; Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid; Capstick, Stuart; Chambers, Jonathan; Chu, Lingzhi; Ciampi, Luisa; Dalin, Carole; Dasandi, Niheer; Dasgupta, Shouro; Davies, Michael; Dominguez-Salas, Paula; Dubrow, Robert; Ebi, Kristie L; Eckelman, Matthew; Ekins, Paul; Escobar, Luis E; Georgeson, Lucien; Grace, Delia; Graham, Hilary; Gunther, Samuel H; Hartinger, Stella; He, Kehan; Heaviside, Clare; Hess, Jeremy; Hsu, Shih-Che; Jankin, Slava; Jimenez, Marcia P; Kelman, Ilan; ? ????: (2021 ?? ?????????). ≪The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future≫ (PDF) . The Lancet . 398 (10311): 1619?1662. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6 . hdl : 10278/3746207 . PMID   34687662 . S2CID   239046862 .
  5. ↑ Levy, Karen; Smith, Shanon M.; Carlton, Elizabeth J. (2018). ≪Climate Change Impacts on Waterborne Diseases: Moving Toward Designing Interventions≫ . Current Environmental Health Reports . 5 (2): 272?282. doi : 10.1007/s40572-018-0199-7 . ISSN   2196-5412 . PMC   6119235 . PMID   29721700 .
  6. ↑ Baker, Rachel E.; Mahmud, Ayesha S.; Miller, Ian F.; Rajeev, Malavika; Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa; Rice, Benjamin L.; Takahashi, Saki; Tatem, Andrew J.; Wagner, Caroline E.; Wang, Lin-Fa; Wesolowski, Amy; Metcalf, C. Jessica E. (2022 ?? ?????). ≪Infectious disease in an era of global change≫ . Nature Reviews Microbiology (????????). 20 (4): 193?205. doi : 10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z . ISSN   1740-1534 . PMC   8513385 . PMID   34646006 .
  7. ↑ Wilson, Mary E. (2010). ≪Geography of infectious diseases≫ . Infectious Diseases : 1055?1064. doi : 10.1016/B978-0-323-04579-7.00101-5 . ISBN   9780323045797 . PMC   7152081 .
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Watts, Nick; Amann, Markus; Arnell, Nigel; Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja; Belesova, Kristine; Boykoff, Maxwell; Byass, Peter; Cai, Wenjia; Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid; Capstick, Stuart; Chambers, Jonathan (2019 ?? ????????? 16). ≪The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate≫ (PDF) . The Lancet . 394 (10211): 1836?1878. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32596-6 . PMID   31733928 . S2CID   207976337 .
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 Watts, Nick; Adger, W Neil; Agnolucci, Paolo; Blackstock, Jason; Byass, Peter; Cai, Wenjia; Chaytor, Sarah; Colbourn, Tim; Collins, Mat; Cooper, Adam; Cox, Peter M (2015). ≪Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health≫ . The Lancet (????????). 386 (10006): 1861?1914. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6 . hdl : 10871/17695 . PMID   26111439 . S2CID   205979317 .
  10. ↑ Costello, Anthony; Abbas, Mustafa; Allen, Adriana; Ball, Sarah; Bell, Sarah; Bellamy, Richard; Friel, Sharon; Groce, Nora; Johnson, Anne; Kett, Maria; Lee, Maria (2009). ≪Managing the health effects of climate change≫ . The Lancet (????????). 373 (9676): 1693?1733. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1 . PMID   19447250 . S2CID   205954939 .
  11. ↑ ≪WHO calls for urgent action to protect health from climate change ? Sign the call≫ . www.who.int . World Health Organization . 2015. ?????????? ? ?????????? 2015 ?? ?????????? 8-?? . ??????? ? 2020 ?? ?????? 19-?? .
  12. ↑ Katharine Murphy (2019 ?? ?????????? 2). ≪Australian Medical Association declares climate change a health emergency≫ . The Guardian . ??????? ? 2020 ?? ?????? 19-?? .
  13. ↑ Kotcher, John; Maibach, Edward; Miller, Jeni; Campbell, Eryn; Alqodmani, Lujain; Maiero, Marina; Wyns, Arthur (2021 ?? ?????). ≪Views of health professionals on climate change and health: a multinational survey study≫ . The Lancet Planetary Health . 5 (5): e316?e323. doi : 10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00053-X . PMC   8099728 . PMID   33838130 .
  14. ↑ Maibach, Edward W; Nisbet, Matthew; Baldwin, Paula; Akerlof, Karen; Diao, Guoqing (2010 ?? ?????????). ≪Reframing climate change as a public health issue: an exploratory study of public reactions≫ . BMC Public Health . 10 (1): 299. doi : 10.1186/1471-2458-10-299 . PMC   2898822 . PMID   20515503 .
  15. ↑ Dasandi, Niheer; Graham, Hilary; Hudson, David; Jankin, Slava; vanHeerde-Hudson, Jennifer; Watts, Nick (2022 ?? ?????????? 20). ≪Positive, global, and health or environment framing bolsters public support for climate policies≫ . Communications Earth & Environment . 3 (1): 239. Bibcode : 2022ComEE...3..239D . doi : 10.1038/s43247-022-00571-x . S2CID   253041860 .
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 Li, Ang; Toll, Mathew; Martino, Erika; Wiesel, Illan; Botha, Ferdi; Bentley, Rebecca (2023 ?? ????). ≪Vulnerability and recovery: Long-term mental and physical health trajectories following climate-related disasters≫ . Social Science & Medicine . 320 (115681): 115681. doi : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115681 . PMID   36731303 . S2CID   256159626 .
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 ≪Operational framework for building climate resilient health systems≫ . www.who.int (????????). 2015 . ??????? ? 2022 ?? ?????? 13-?? .
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 IPCC (2021). ≪Summary for Policymakers≫ (PDF) . The Physical Science Basis . Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. ?? 40. ISBN   978-92-9169-158-6 .
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 Lenton, Timothy M.; Xu, Chi; Abrams, Jesse F.; Ghadiali, Ashish; Loriani, Sina; Sakschewski, Boris; Zimm, Caroline; Ebi, Kristie L.; Dunn, Robert R.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Scheffer, Marten (2023 ?? ?????? 22). ≪Quantifying the human cost of global warming≫ . Nature Sustainability (????????). 6 (10): 1237?1247. Bibcode : 2023NatSu...6.1237L . doi : 10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6 . hdl : 10871/132650 . ISSN   2398-9629 . S2CID   249613346 .
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 ≪Climate change: More than 3bn could live in extreme heat by 2070≫ . BBC News . 2020 ?? ?????? 5. ?????????? ?????????? 2020 ?? ?????? 5-?? . ??????? ? 2020 ?? ?????? 6-?? .
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Xu, Chi; Kohler, Timothy A.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Scheffer, Marten (2020 ?? ?????? 26). ≪Future of the human climate niche ? Supplementary Materials≫ . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 117 (21): 11350?11355. Bibcode : 2020PNAS..11711350X . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1910114117 . PMC   7260949 . PMID   32366654 .
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 ≪One billion face heat-stress risk from 2°C rise≫ . Met Office (????????) . ??????? ? 2022 ?? ?????????? 13-?? .
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 Kemp, Luke; Xu, Chi; Depledge, Joanna; Ebi, Kristie L. ; Gibbins, Goodwin; Kohler, Timothy A.; Rockstrom, Johan ; Scheffer, Marten ; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim ; Steffen, Will; Lenton, Timothy M. (2022 ?? ???????? 23). ≪Climate Endgame: Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios≫ . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (????????). 119 (34): e2108146119. Bibcode : 2022PNAS..11908146K . doi : 10.1073/pnas.2108146119 . ISSN   0027-8424 . PMC   9407216 . PMID   35914185 .
  24. ↑ Doherty, Susan; Clayton, Thomas J (2011). ≪The psychological impacts of global climate change≫. American Psychologist . 66 (4): 265?276. CiteSeerX   10.1.1.454.8333 . doi : 10.1037/a0023141 . PMID   21553952 .
  25. ↑ 25,0 25,1 Berry, Helen; Kathryn, Bowen; Kjellstrom, Tord (2009). ≪Climate change and mental health: a causal pathways framework≫. International Journal of Public Health . 55 (2): 123?132. doi : 10.1007/s00038-009-0112-0 . PMID   20033251 . S2CID   22561555 .
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 Charlson, Fiona; Ali, Suhailah; Benmarhnia, Tarik; Pearl, Madeleine; Massazza, Alessandro; Augustinavicius, Jura; Scott, James G. (2021). ≪Climate Change and Mental Health: A Scoping Review≫ . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . 18 (9): 4486. doi : 10.3390/ijerph18094486 . PMC   8122895 . PMID   33922573 . Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 White, Mathew; Smith, Amanda; Humphryes, Kelly; Pahl, Sabine; Snelling, Deborah; Depledge, Michael (2010 ?? ?????????? 1). ≪Blue space: The importance of water for preference, affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes≫ . Journal of Environmental Psychology . 30 (4): 482?493. doi : 10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.04.004 . ISSN   0272-4944 .
  28. ↑ Cuijpers, Pim; Miguel, Clara; Ciharova, Marketa; Kumar, Manasi; Brander, Luke; Kumar, Pushpam; Karyotaki, Eirini (2023 ?? ???????). ≪Impact of climate events, pollution, and green spaces on mental health: an umbrella review of meta-analyses≫ . Psychological Medicine (????????). 53 (3): 638?653. doi : 10.1017/S0033291722003890 . ISSN   0033-2917 . PMID   36606450 . S2CID   255467995 .
  29. ↑ Hoffimann, Elaine; Barros, Henrique; Ribeiro, Ana Isabel (2017 ?? ???????). ≪Socioeconomic Inequalities in Green Space Quality and Accessibility?Evidence from a Southern European City≫ . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . 14 (8): 916. doi : 10.3390/ijerph14080916 . ISSN   1661-7827 . PMC   5580619 . PMID   28809798 .
  30. ↑ Vakoch, Douglas A. ; Mickey, Sam, eds. (2023). Eco-Anxiety and Pandemic Distress: Psychological Perspectives on Resilience and Interconnectedness . Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-762267-4 .
  31. ↑ Vakoch, Douglas A. ; Mickey, Sam, eds. (2022). Eco-Anxiety and Planetary Hope: Experiencing the Twin Disasters of Covid-19 and Climate Change . Cham, Switzerland: Springer . ISBN   978-3-031-08430-0 .
  32. ↑ Ojala, Maria; Cunsolo, Ashlee; Ogunbode, Charles A.; Middleton, Jacqueline (2021 ?? ?????????? 18). ≪Anxiety, Worry, and Grief in a Time of Environmental and Climate Crisis: A Narrative Review≫ . Annual Review of Environment and Resources . 46 (1): 35?58. doi : 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-022716 . S2CID   236307729 .
  33. ↑ Romanello, Marina; ? ????: (2021 ?? ?????????? 30). ≪The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future≫ (PDF) . The Lancet . 398 (10311): 1619?1662. doi : 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6 . hdl : 10278/3746207 . PMID   34687662 . S2CID   239046862 .
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 34,2 Demain, Jeffrey G. (2018 ?? ????? 24). ≪Climate Change and the Impact on Respiratory and Allergic Disease: 2018≫. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports . 18 (4): 22. doi : 10.1007/s11882-018-0777-7 . PMID   29574605 . S2CID   4440737 .
  35. ↑ Glaser; ? ????: (2016). ≪Climate Change and the Emergent Epidemic of CKD from Heat Stress in Rural Communities: the Case for Heat Stress Nephropathy≫ . Clin J Am Soc Nephrol . 11 (8): 1472?83. doi : 10.2215/CJN.13841215 . PMC   4974898 . PMID   27151892 .
  36. ↑ Shih, Gerry (2023 ?? ???????? 6). ≪The world's torrid future is etched in the crippled kidneys of Nepali workers≫ . Washington Post (????????) . ??????? ? 2023 ?? ???????? 20-?? .
  37. ↑ 37,0 37,1 ≪Global heating pushes tropical regions towards limits of human livability≫ . The Guardian. 2021 ?? ????? 8 . ??????? ? 2021 ?? ??????? 24-?? .
  38. ↑ Chow, Denise (2022 ?? ?????? 7). ≪Deadly 'wet-bulb temperatures' are being stoked by climate change and heat waves≫ . NBC News (????????) . ??????? ? 2022 ?? ??????? 22-?? .
  39. ↑ Shaw, R., Y. Luo, T.S. Cheong, S. Abdul Halim, S. Chaturvedi, M. Hashizume, G.E. Insarov, Y. Ishikawa, M. Jafari, A. Kitoh, J. Pulhin, C. Singh, K. Vasant, and Z. Zhang, 2022: Asia . In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Portner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegria, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Loschke, V. Moller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1457?1579, doi:10.1017/9781009325844.012.
  40. ↑ Sherwood, S.C.; Huber, M. (2010 ?? ?????? 25). ≪An adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress≫ . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 107 (21): 9552?5. Bibcode : 2010PNAS..107.9552S . doi : 10.1073/pnas.0913352107 . PMC   2906879 . PMID   20439769 .
  41. ↑ Madge, Grahame (2021 ?? ????????? 9). ≪One billion face heat-stress risk from 2°C rise≫ . Met Office (????????) . ??????? ? 2021 ?? ????????? 10-?? .
  42. ↑ Colin Raymond; Tom Matthews; Radley M. Horton (2020). ≪The emergence of heat and humidity too severe for human tolerance≫ . Science Advances . 6 (19): eaaw1838. Bibcode : 2020SciA....6.1838R . doi : 10.1126/sciadv.aaw1838 . PMC   7209987 . PMID   32494693 .
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  123. ↑ Crimmins, A.; Balbus, J.; Gamble, J.L.; Beard, C.B.; Bell, J.E.; Dodgen, D.; Eisen, R.J.; Fann, N.; Hawkins, M.D.; Herring, S.C.; Jantarasami, L.; Mills, D.M.; Saha, S.; Sarofim, M.C.; Trtanj, J.; Ziska, L. (2016). The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment . Bibcode : 2016icch.book.....C . doi : 10.7930/J0R49NQX . ISBN   978-0-16-093241-0 .
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  126. ↑ ≪Human-caused climate change may lead to 1 billion premature deaths over next century: Study≫ . The Times of India . 2023 ?? ???????? 29. ISSN   0971-8257 . ??????? ? 2023 ?? ?????????? 18-?? .
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  130. ↑ Anneliese Depoux; Mathieu Hemono; Sophie Puig-Malet; Romain Pedron; Antoine Flahault (2017). ≪Communicating climate change and health in the media≫ . Public Health Rev . 38 : 7. doi : 10.1186/s40985-016-0044-1 . PMC   5809944 . PMID   29450079 .
  131. ↑ Per Espen Stoknes (2017 ?? ?????????). How to transform apocalypse fatigue into action on global warming . TED (conference) . ??????? ? 2021 ?? ????? 1-?? .
  132. ↑ Saad, Lydia (2023 ?? ?????? 20). ≪A Steady Six in 10 Say Global Warming's Effects Have Begun≫ . Gallup, Inc. ?????????? ?????????? 2023 ?? ?????? 20-??.
  133. ↑ Davenport, Coral (2016 ?? ?????? 4). ≪Global Warming Linked to Public Health Risks, White House Says≫ . The New York Times .
  134. ↑ Kavya Balaraman (2017 ?? ????? 17). ≪Doctors Warn Climate Change Threatens Public Health; Physicians are noticing an influx of patients whose illnesses are directly or indirectly related to global warming≫ . E&E News . ??????? ? 2017 ?? ????? 20-?? – via Scientific American .
  135. ↑ Dean Russell; Elisabeth Gawthrop; Veronica Penney; Ali Raj; Bridget Hickey (2020 ?? ??????? 16). ≪Deadly heat is killing Americans: A decade of inaction on climate puts lives at risk≫ . The Guardian . ??????? ? 2021 ?? ????? 1-?? .
  136. ↑ Operational framework for building climate resilient health systems . WHO. 2015. ISBN   978-92-4-156507-3 . [ ????? ???????????? ]

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