???? ?????????? ???

???? ?????????? ???, ???????????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????` ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????????? ?????? ? ?? ?? ?????????? ( ≪???????????? ???????≫) ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????

??????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ? ??? ???????????? ???, ?? ?????????? ???? ? ????????????? ????? ????????? (???????) ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????, ??? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ????????????????? ?? ?????????????? ????????????, ???????????? ???????? ??, ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ??, ? ??, ???????????, ??? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? (???? ?????? ?. ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????? ?????) ^[1]?

???????????? ?????????????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????, ? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ? ??? ????????????????????, ????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????. ??????? ?????????? ??????????

????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???, ???????????? ???? ????????? ??, ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????????????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ≪?????????????≫ ????????????, ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???, ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ????? ????????

???????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??, ????? ?? ?????????????, ?? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ^[2], ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????????????? ^[3]? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? , ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????????? ^[4]^31-32: ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ^[5], ???????? ??????????rs ^[6], ?????????? ??????????? ^[2] ? ????????????????????s ^[7]^[8] ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????? ??, ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ^[9]?

????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????????????????, ????????????????, ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ≪????≫ ?????????? ?, ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????, ????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ≪?????????≫ ??? ≪?????????≫ (??? ????? ??????????? ≪?????????≫), ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ≪??????≫ ??? ≪?????≫, ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????, ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ?? ??????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ≪??????≫ ? ≪?????≫? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ? ?????? ???????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ≪??????≫ ??????? ????????? ?????? ≪????????? ??????≫ ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ≪????????????≫ ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ^[10]?

Compadrazgo -? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?, ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ? ≪??????? ???????????≫, compadrazgo-? ?????? ?, ??? ?????????? ? ???????, ????? ???????? ? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?, ?? ??? ?????????????????? ???????? ?? 1521 ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ^[11]? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???-?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????
??? ?????????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ≪?????? ????????????≫ ????????????, ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???, ?????, ??????????? ???? ?????????????????? 1876 ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ≪??? ?????? ?????????≫ ???? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ????????? ?. ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????-????? ??????? ???? ? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???, ??? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ≪????? ????? ?????????? ???????≫ ≪???? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????≫ , ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ??????, ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ? ?? ?????? ???. sui generis ?
?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?, ?? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????, ????? ????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ^[12]? ??? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ??????, ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ? ???? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????
???? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?, ??? ????????? ^[13]? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????????????????? ?????? ??????????????, ?????? ? ??????? ?????????????????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????, ? ????? ? ???????? ???????
?????????? ? ???????????????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? (??? ?????????, ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???)? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??, ?? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??????????????? ???? ??, ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ^[14]?
??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????????, ???????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???? ^[15]? ??? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ????????
??? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????????, ???? ?????????????? ??? ?, ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ???????????????????? ^[16]? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ≪??????≫, ??? ??? ??????????? ≪????≫? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ^[17]?

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ≪??????≫ ? ≪????????≫ ??????????? ?????????????, ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ?. ???????? ?? 1984 ?. ≪?????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????≫ ?????? ^[18]? ? ???????? ??? ???????????, ????? ??????? ?????? ≪???????????≫ ????????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????????????? ???????????????, ?? ???? ? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ??? ???? ? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ???? ? ???????????????≫ ^[19]? ???????? ???????? ?, ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ? ????????? ???? ??????????????????? ? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ^[20]?

?? ?? ?????????, ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????????????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????, ???????? ????????? ????????????????????, ????? ?????? ??, ??? ??????????? ????????????????????, ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???, ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???, ??? ??? ??, ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ???????????? ??? ????????, ?? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????????? ?? ?? ???????????, ??? ????????? ??? ? ^[21]? ??????? ??????? ≪????? ??????????≫ ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ??? ????????, ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????

? ???????? E. O. Wilson-? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ???? ?????????? ???≫ ^[22]? ??????????? ??? ???????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????????, ???????? ??? ?, ??? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????????? ???????????

????????? ??????????????????? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

???????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ≪??????????????≫ ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????? ???, ??? ????????? ?, ?? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????????????? ≪???????????????≫ ????????? ???????????? ? ????? ≪(???????) ?????????? ????????? ?????????≫ ????????????, ??? ????? ?, ??? ????? ? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?, ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?, ?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ?????????????? ??? ≪?????????????≫ ?????? ??????????????? ????

????????, ??????? ? ?????????? ??????????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ???, ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????????????????? ??????, ????? ? ?????, ?? ???-?? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????` ??????????????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ??, ? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????????????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ????????, ?????????????, ??? ?????????? ? ???? ??????? ????????, ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????????????????? ? ???????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????. ?????????????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????, ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ? ????????? ????? ????? ????????????????? ???????? ^[23]?

????????? ????????????????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????????????? ???? ?????? ???????????, ? ???????? ???????? ?, ?? ???????????????? ??????? ? ≪????????≫ ????, ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????, ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????, ?????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ??? (???? ??????????? ?????????? ????), ? ??? ??????????, ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ≪???????? ?????????? ?????????????????≫, ??????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????????? ^[24]? ?????????? ???????????????????, ??????, ?? ?????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????, ?? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????, ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????????????

??? ??? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ≪Obituary: David Schneider, Anthropology≫ . chronicle.uchicago.edu . ??????? ? 2024 ?? ????? 29-?? .
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Ebaugh, Helen Rose, and Mary Curry. "Fictive kin as social capital in new immigrant communities." Sociological Perspectives 43 , no. 2 (2000): 189-209.
↑ Fordham, Signithia. "Racelessness as a factor in Black students' school success: Pragmatic strategy or pyrrhic victory?." Harvard educational review 58 , no. 1 (1988): 54-85.
↑ Ciabattari, Teresa. Sociology of Families: Change, Continuity, and Diversity . SAGE Publications. 2016.
↑ Mac Rae, Hazel. "Fictive kin as a component of the social networks of older people." Research on Aging 14 , no. 2 (1992): 226-247.
↑ Cerwyn Moore (2015) Foreign Bodies: Transnational Activism, the Insurgency in the North Caucasus and “Beyond”, Terrorism and Political Violence, vol.27, no.3, 395-415
↑ Liebow, Elliot. Tally's corner: A study of Negro streetcorner men . Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.
↑ Stack, Carol B. All our kin. Basic Books, 1975.
↑ Tierney, William G., and Kristan M. Venegas. "Fictive kin and social capital the role of peer groups in applying and paying for college." American Behavioral Scientist 49 , no. 12 (2006): 1687-1702.
↑ White, Money Makes Us Relatives .
↑ Horstman, Compadrazgo and Adaptation in Sixteenth Century Central Mexico
↑ Kim, "Mama's Family": Fictive Kinship and undocumented immigrant restaurant workers.
↑ Jacob, Unknotting fictive kinship and legal process.
↑ Howell, Adoption of the Unrelated Child: Some Challenges to the Anthropological Study of Kinship
↑ Frese, Anthropology and the United States military: Coming of Age in the Twenty First Century.
↑ Freed, Fictive Kinship in a North Indian Village
↑ Vatuk, Reference, Address, and Fictive Kinship in Urban North India.
↑ Schneider, A Critique of The Study of Kinship
↑ Carsten, The substance of kinship and the heat of the hearth; feeding, personhood and relatedness among the Malays in Pulau Langkawi .
↑ Carsten, Cultures of Relatedness .
↑ Gintis, Herbert. ≪Much that is True, but Remember: Is does not Imply Ought≫ . Amazon.com . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ???????? 6-?? .
↑ Brandon Keim (2010 ?? ???????? 26). ≪E.O. Wilson proposes new theory of social evolution≫ . Wired.com .
↑ Hamilton, William D. (1964) The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour . Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1-52. Reprinted in. 1996. Narrow Roads of Gene Land. Vol. 1. Oxford: W. H. Freeman.
↑ Holland, Maximilian (2012 ?? ?????????? 26). Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship: Compatibility between Cultural and Biological Approaches (English). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-4801-8200-4 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 ????? ????????? ????? ( link )

???????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

Carsten, Janet, ed. (2000). Cultures of Relatedness: New Approaches to the Study of Kinship . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-65627-3 .
Carsten, Janet (1995 ?? ?????). ≪The Substance of Kinship and the Heat of the Hearth: Feeding, Personhood, and Relatedness among Malays in Pulau Langkawi≫. American Ethnologist . 22 (2): 223?241. doi : 10.1525/ae.1995.22.2.02a00010 . JSTOR 646700 .
Schneider, David M. (1984). A Critique of the Study of Kinship . Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. OCLC 10605668 .
White, Jenny B. (2004). Money Makes Us Relatives: Women's Labor in Urban Turkey (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-203-24042-1 .

??????? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

[1] ≪Obituary: David Schneider, Anthropology≫ . chronicle.uchicago.edu . ??????? ? 2024 ?? ????? 29-?? .

[Ebaugh2-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Ebaugh, Helen Rose, and Mary Curry. "Fictive kin as social capital in new immigrant communities." Sociological Perspectives 43 , no. 2 (2000): 189-209.

[3] Fordham, Signithia. "Racelessness as a factor in Black students' school success: Pragmatic strategy or pyrrhic victory?." Harvard educational review 58 , no. 1 (1988): 54-85.

[Ciabattari2-4] Ciabattari, Teresa. Sociology of Families: Change, Continuity, and Diversity . SAGE Publications. 2016.

[5] Mac Rae, Hazel. "Fictive kin as a component of the social networks of older people." Research on Aging 14 , no. 2 (1992): 226-247.

[6] Cerwyn Moore (2015) Foreign Bodies: Transnational Activism, the Insurgency in the North Caucasus and “Beyond”, Terrorism and Political Violence, vol.27, no.3, 395-415

[7] Liebow, Elliot. Tally's corner: A study of Negro streetcorner men . Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.

[8] Stack, Carol B. All our kin. Basic Books, 1975.

[9] Tierney, William G., and Kristan M. Venegas. "Fictive kin and social capital the role of peer groups in applying and paying for college." American Behavioral Scientist 49 , no. 12 (2006): 1687-1702.

[10] White, Money Makes Us Relatives .

[11] Horstman, Compadrazgo and Adaptation in Sixteenth Century Central Mexico

[12] Kim, "Mama's Family": Fictive Kinship and undocumented immigrant restaurant workers.

[13] Jacob, Unknotting fictive kinship and legal process.

[14] Howell, Adoption of the Unrelated Child: Some Challenges to the Anthropological Study of Kinship

[15] Frese, Anthropology and the United States military: Coming of Age in the Twenty First Century.

[16] Freed, Fictive Kinship in a North Indian Village

[17] Vatuk, Reference, Address, and Fictive Kinship in Urban North India.

[18] Schneider, A Critique of The Study of Kinship

[19] Carsten, The substance of kinship and the heat of the hearth; feeding, personhood and relatedness among the Malays in Pulau Langkawi .

[20] Carsten, Cultures of Relatedness .

[gintis-21] Gintis, Herbert. ≪Much that is True, but Remember: Is does not Imply Ought≫ . Amazon.com . ??????? ? 2014 ?? ???????? 6-?? .

[22] Brandon Keim (2010 ?? ???????? 26). ≪E.O. Wilson proposes new theory of social evolution≫ . Wired.com .

[H1964-23] Hamilton, William D. (1964) The Genetical Evolution of Social Behaviour . Journal of Theoretical Biology 7:1-52. Reprinted in. 1996. Narrow Roads of Gene Land. Vol. 1. Oxford: W. H. Freeman.

[24] Holland, Maximilian (2012 ?? ?????????? 26). Social Bonding and Nurture Kinship: Compatibility between Cultural and Biological Approaches (English). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-4801-8200-4 . {{ cite book }}: CS1 ????? ????????? ????? ( link )

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]