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MeSH H02.403.429.675
 Pulmonology ?????????????

?????????????? ( / ? p ? l m ? ? n ? l ? d? i / , / ? p ? l m ? ? n ? l ? d? i / , ?????? ?  pulm?, -?nis , ???????? ?  suffix -λογ?α -logia ), ???????? ??????????????? , ??? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????????????????? [1] ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ??? respirology, respiratory medicine, ??? chest medicine ???????????

??????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????????????, ???????????? ????????? , ??????? , ?????????????? , ?????????? ? ???????????? ??? ????????? ????? [2] ?

????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ? ??? ??????????????????? ???, ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????

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??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ????? 1950-?????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? [4] ?????????????? ?????????????? ? ???????????? ????? [5] ? ?????? ?????????????? ???????, ???????? ? ??????????????????? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? [6] [7] ?

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????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????? [8] (??? ???????? ?????????????? ) [9] ???????????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??? [10] , ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? [11] , ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ????????????? [12] ? ????????????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? [13] ? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? [14] ?

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??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ? [18]

???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ????????? ? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? [19] ?

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?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????????????? [19] [20] ?

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???? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? [26] ?

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??????? ????????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ( ???????????????? ? ?????????? ), ?????????????? , ? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????????? ??????? ( ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ) [27] ?

??????? ????????????? [28] ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?, ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? [29] ?????? ???? ????? ????????, ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ???????????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????????????, ????????? ????????????, ?????????? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ????????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ????????, ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????, ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? , ??????? , ???????? ? ?????? ???? ???, ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? [30] ?

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??????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??, ????? ???????? ??????? (MD ??? DO) ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? , ???? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ????? [10] ? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???? ???? ????????????

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??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? [31] ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? (MD, DO, MBBS, MBBCh ? ????) ???????? ?? ??????????????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????????????

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??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????????????????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????

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  1. ↑ ACP: Pulmonology: Internal Medicine Subspecialty ?????????? 2015-08-11 Wayback Machine . Acponline.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-30.
  2. ↑ Sengupta, Nandini; Sahidullah, Md; Saha, Goutam (August 2016). ≪Lung sound classification using cepstral-based statistical features≫. Computers in Biology and Medicine . 75 (1): 118?129. doi : 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.05.013 . PMID   27286184 .
  3. ↑ Sharif Kaf A-Ghazal (2002). ≪The discovery of the pulmonary circulation ? who should get the credit: ibn Al-Nafis or William Harvey≫ (PDF) . Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine . 2 : 46. ?????????? (PDF) ?????????? 2010 ?? ??????? 12-?? . ??????? ? 2010 ?? ??????? 17-?? .
  4. ↑ ≪American Thoracic Society - Overview≫ . www.thoracic.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ?????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  5. ↑ Jacobs, Henry Barton (1904 ?? ?????????? 3). ≪National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis≫ . Journal of the American Medical Association (????????). XLIII (23): 1712. doi : 10.1001/jama.1904.02500230042014 . ISSN   0002-9955 . ?????????? ?????????? 2021 ?? ?????????? 13-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  6. ↑ Lauzardo, Michael; Ashkin, David (2000 ?? ?????? 1). ≪Phthisiology at the Dawn of the New Century≫ . Chest . 117 (5): 1455?1473. doi : 10.1378/chest.117.5.1455 . ISSN   0012-3692 . PMID   10807837 .
  7. ↑ History of the Division ?????????? 2017-08-11 Wayback Machine . Hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-30.
  8. ↑ ≪Cardiothoracic Surgery | Essentia Health | MN, WI, ND≫ . www.essentiahealth.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  9. ↑ ≪Cardiothoracic surgery≫ . Health Careers (????????). 2015 ?? ?????? 7. ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 ≪Pulmonary Disease | Internal Medicine Subspecialties | ACP≫ . www.acponline.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2015 ?? ?????????? 9-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  11. ↑ ≪Interventional Pulmonology: Procedures, Uses, and Effects≫ . WebMD (????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  12. ↑ Seijo, Luis M.; Sterman, Daniel H. (2001 ?? ????? 8). ≪Interventional Pulmonology≫. New England Journal of Medicine . 344 (10): 740?749. doi : 10.1056/NEJM200103083441007 . ISSN   0028-4793 . PMID   11236779 .
  13. ↑ ≪Interventional Pulmonology Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures≫ . www.pamf.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 17-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  14. ↑ Luis M. Seijo & Daniel H. Sterman (2001). ≪Interventional Pulmonology≫. N. Engl. J. Med . 344 (10): 740?49. doi : 10.1056/NEJM200103083441007 . PMID   11236779 .
  15. ↑ ≪Cystic Fibrosis - Pediatrics≫ . MSD Manual Professional Edition (????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  16. ↑ Breland, Alison; Soule, Eric; Lopez, Alexa; Ramoa, Carolina; El-Hellani, Ahmad; Eissenberg, Thomas (2017). ≪Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?≫ . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . 1394 (1): 5?30. Bibcode : 2017NYASA1394....5B . doi : 10.1111/nyas.12977 . ISSN   0077-8923 . PMC   4947026 . PMID   26774031 .
  17. ↑ Perikleous, Evanthia P.; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Paraskakis, Emmanouil; Constantinidis, Theodoros C.; Nena, Evangelia (2018). ≪E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents: An Overview of the Literature and Future Perspectives≫ . Frontiers in Public Health . 6 : 86. doi : 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00086 . ISSN   2296-2565 . PMC   5879739 . PMID   29632856 .
  18. ↑ ≪Evaluation of the Pulmonary Patient - Pulmonary Disorders≫ . MSD Manual Professional Edition (????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 ≪Pulmonary Tests and Procedures | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library≫ . www.hopkinsmedicine.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  20. ↑ ≪Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests & Procedures | Essentia Health≫ . www.essentiahealth.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  21. ↑ ≪Bronchoscopy | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library≫ . www.hopkinsmedicine.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  22. ↑ ≪How Do Chest X-Rays Work?≫ . www.hopkinsmedicine.org (????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  23. ↑ ≪Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Chest | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library≫ . www.hopkinsmedicine.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  24. ↑ ≪How Does a PET Scan Work?≫ . www.hopkinsmedicine.org (????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2021 ?? ?????????? 13-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  25. ↑ ≪How to Prepare for a Sleep Study≫ . www.hopkinsmedicine.org (????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  26. ↑ ≪Cardiothoracic surgery≫ . Health Careers (????????). 2015 ?? ?????? 7. ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  27. ↑ ≪Oxygen Therapy - Lung and Airway Disorders≫ . MSD Manual Consumer Version (???????????? ????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2021 ?? ?????????? 13-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  28. ↑ ≪Pulmonary Rehabilitation | Essentia Health | MN, ND, WI≫ . www.essentiahealth.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  29. ↑ ≪Overview of Pulmonary Rehabilitation - Lung and Airway Disorders≫ . MSD Manual Consumer Version (???????????? ????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  30. ↑ ≪Overview of Pulmonary Rehabilitation - Lung and Airway Disorders≫ . MSD Manual Consumer Version (???????????? ????????). ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
  31. ↑ ≪What is a Pediatric Pulmonologist?≫ . HealthyChildren.org . ?????????? ?????????? 2019 ?? ???????? 26-?? . ??????? ? 2019 ?? ???????? 25-?? .
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