?????????? ????????????

?????????? ???????????? (??? ??????????????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? , ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????) ???????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ^[1]? ????? ???????????? ??????? ? ?.?.?. 2-?? ???????????? ? ???????????? ? ????? ??? ????? ^{[? 1]}:

?????????????????? ???????? ???, ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ^[3]? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? , ??? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??? ????? ???? ≪??????????≫ ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ?.?. 9 ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ? ??? ????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ^{[? 2]}: ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ^[5]^[6]^[7]?

4-?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ^[1]? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????????????? , ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ??? ????????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? III -? 800 ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ???????? ??? ????????? , ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? , ?????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? 11-?? ??????, ?????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ^[8]? 16-?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ^[9]?

?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ??? ????? ???????? , ?????????? , ??????? , ?????????? , ?????????? , ????????? , ??????????? , ??????????? ???????? , ????????????? , ???????? , ?????????????? , ??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? , ????????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ^[10]? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ^[11]?

??????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

??? ?.?.?. 222 ???????? ????????? ≪ Germani ≫ ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????????? , ????? ????? ??` de Galleis Insvbribvs et Germ(aneis) : ?? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ? ????????? ? ????????? ??? ????????? ? ?.?.?. ??? 18 ????????? Germani ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?????????? (?.?.?. 80 ???????? ????), ?????? ???????? ?, ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ??? (??? ?.?. 190 ????????) ^[12]^[13]? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????

??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??, ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????, ????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????????????, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????????????????, ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ? ?????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???????, ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????? ^[14]?

?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?, ?? ??????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ^[15]? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??, ?? ≪????????≫ ???? ????? ? ?????????? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ? ?????? ? ???????????? (????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ???) ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??, ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?, ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?????` ?????? ? ?????? , ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????????????????, ? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ^[16]? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ??? ?????????????` ?????????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????????? (???? ??? ?? ??????, ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????)? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? , ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ?? ??????, ???????? ? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? (???????????? ????????) ^[17]?

??????, ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????` ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ??????????? ? (?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? , ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? , ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????) ^[15]? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?.?.?. 2-?? ????? ^[18]? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ???????????? ? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ? ????? ??????????? ??????????` ?????????? ? ??????????? ^[19]?

???????? ???? ????????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????, ?? ??? ???????? ? ???????? * ??? ≪???≫ + * ???? ≪????≫, ???? ? Welsh ger ≪???≫ ??? ?????????? gair ≪??????≫, ?????????? gar- (????????) ≪???≫, garach ≪??????≫ ^[20]? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ≪??????≫ ?????????? / ???????? garm ≪??????≫, ?????????? gairm ≪????≫ ^[21]? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??, ?? ?????????? ???????????????? * g?r - manni ??????????? ? ≪??????? ??????≫ ^[22]?

???????? ?, ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????? ????????, ??? ???????? ? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? (??????????? ????????, ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? barbarus ??????? (????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ????), ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ^[23]? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? 18-?? ? 19-?? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ^[24]?

??????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ?? 19-?? ??????, ??? ≪??????????≫ ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????? ??? ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ????? ?????????????????? ^[25]^[26]? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ????? ????, ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ^[27]? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ^[26]?

?????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ???? ]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Germanic peoples, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑ Waldman, Mason , ?? 296
↑ History of Europe: The Germans and Huns, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑ How the eagles were tamed, The Spectator
↑ Beckwith, 2009 , ???? 82?83
↑ Wolfram, 1988 , ???? 86?89
↑ Ancient Rome: The Barbarian Invasions, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑ Germanic religion and mythology, Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑ Waldman, Mason , ?? 311-312
↑ Minahan, 2000 , ?? 288
↑ Waldman, Mason , ???? 330-331
↑ The Imperial Teutonic Order
↑ Stumpel, 1932 , ?? 60
↑ Heather, 2012 , ???? 5?8
↑ ^15,0 ^15,1 De Bello Gallico 2.4
↑ " Germania " chapter 2 .
↑ Manco, 2013 , ?? 207
↑ Lamarcq, Rogge , ?? 44
↑ Lamarcq, Rogge , ?? 47
↑ Schulze, 2001 , ?? 4
↑ Partridge, 1966 , ?? 1265
↑ Mallory, Adams , ?? 245
↑ Burns, 2003 , ???? 15?16
↑ Burns, 2003 , ?? 19
↑ Timpe, Scardigli , ???? 380?381
↑ ^26,0 ^26,1 Steuer, 2021 , ?? 30
↑ Timpe, Scardigli , ???? 379?380

?????????? ????? <ref> tags exist for a group named "?", but no corresponding <references group="?"/> tag was found

[Germanic_peoples,_''Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online''———-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Germanic peoples, Encyclopædia Britannica Online

[Waldman—Mason——296-2] Waldman, Mason , ?? 296

[History_of_Europe:_The_Germans_and_Huns,_''Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online''———-4] History of Europe: The Germans and Huns, Encyclopædia Britannica Online

[How_the_eagles_were_tamed,_''The_Spectator''———-5] How the eagles were tamed, The Spectator

[Beckwith—2009——82–83-7] Beckwith, 2009 , ???? 82?83

[Wolfram—1988——86–89-8] Wolfram, 1988 , ???? 86?89

[Ancient_Rome:_The_Barbarian_Invasions,_''Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online''———-9] Ancient Rome: The Barbarian Invasions, Encyclopædia Britannica Online

[Germanic_religion_and_mythology,_''Encyclopædia_Britannica_Online''———-10] Germanic religion and mythology, Encyclopædia Britannica Online

[Waldman—Mason——311-312-11] Waldman, Mason , ?? 311-312

[Minahan—2000——288-12] Minahan, 2000 , ?? 288

[Waldman—Mason——330-331-13] Waldman, Mason , ???? 330-331

[''The_Imperial_Teutonic_Order''———-14] The Imperial Teutonic Order

[Stümpel—1932——60-15] Stumpel, 1932 , ?? 60

[Heather—2012——5–8-16] Heather, 2012 , ???? 5?8

[BG2.4-17] 15,0 ^15,1 De Bello Gallico 2.4

[18] " Germania " chapter 2 .

[Manco—2013——207-19] Manco, 2013 , ?? 207

[Lamarcq—Rogge——44-20] Lamarcq, Rogge , ?? 44

[Lamarcq—Rogge——47-21] Lamarcq, Rogge , ?? 47

[Schulze—2001——4-22] Schulze, 2001 , ?? 4

[Partridge—1966——1265-23] Partridge, 1966 , ?? 1265

[Mallory—Adams——245-24] Mallory, Adams , ?? 245

[Burns—2003——15–16-25] Burns, 2003 , ???? 15?16

[Burns—2003——19-26] Burns, 2003 , ?? 19

[Timpe—Scardigli——380–381-27] Timpe, Scardigli , ???? 380?381

[Steuer—2021——30-28] 26,0 ^26,1 Steuer, 2021 , ?? 30

[Timpe—Scardigli——379–380-29] Timpe, Scardigli , ???? 379?380

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