Sjevernogermanski jezici

Sjevernogermanski jezici jedna su od tri osnovne skupine germanskih jezika koji se govore na podru?ju Skandinavije i nekim otocima u sjevernom Atlantiku . Razvili su se iz staronordijskog jezika .

Razredba [ uredi | uredi kod ]

Tradicionalna razredba podrazumjeva dvije skupine sjevernogermanskih jezika podijeljene prema genetskoj srodnosti: ^[1]

Alternativna podjela tih pet jezika dijeli ih na sljede?e skupine po međusobnoj razumljivosti: ^[2]

oto?ni jezici:
1. islandski
2. ferojski
skandinavski jezici:
1. ju?noskandinavski: a) danski ( dijalekti danskoga )
2. sjevernoskandinavski: a) norve?ki ( dijalekti norve?koga ), b) ?vedski ( dijalekti ?vedskoga )

U toj podjeli, islandska, ferojska i skandinavska skupina smatraju se trima zasebnim dijalekatskim kontinuumima . Danski pak tvori zasebnu skupinu unutar skandinavskog kontinuuma zbog izrazite jezi?ne inovativnosti kroz 20. stolje?e kojom se znatno odvojio od norve?kog i ?vedskog. ^[3]

Stupanj međusobne razumljivosti [ uredi | uredi kod ]

Mjerenje stupnja međusobne razumljivosti između mlađih govornika (ispod 25 godina starosti) standardnih skandinavskih jezika koje je proveo Nordijski fond kulture i Nordijsko vije?e ministara pokazuje da postoje znatne pote?ko?e u međusobnoj razumljivosti jer ni u jednom slu?aju ne dosi?e barem 75 % ^[4] tako da se ne radi o jednom zajedni?kom jeziku tih skandinavskih zemalja jer postotak treba biti vi?i da se izvede taj zaklju?ak. ^[5]

Izvori [ uredi | uredi kod ]

↑ Gooskens 2020., str. 763.
↑ Gooskens 2020., str. 763?764.
↑ Gooskens 2020., str. 762?764.
↑ Kordi?, Snje?ana . 2024. Ideology Against Language . Nomachi, Motoki; Kamusella, Tomasz (ur.). Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires ( engleski ). Routledge. London. str. 168?169. doi : 10.4324/9781003034025-11 . ISBN 978-0-367-47191-0 . OCLC 1390118985 . ( COBISS.SR ) . ( COBISS.SI ) . Ina?ica izvorne stranice arhivirana 9. o?ujka 2024 . Pristupljeno 9. velja?e 2024. . Research conducted by the Nordic Culture Fund (Nordiska kulturfonden) and the Nordic Council of Ministers (Nordiska ministerradet) from 2002 to 2005 with native speakers of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish under the age of twenty-five showed that Copenhagen’s youth understand only 36 percent of spoken Swedish and 41 percent of spoken Norwegian; Oslo’s youth understand 71 percent of spoken Swedish and 65 percent of spoken Danish; Stockholm’s youth understand 55 percent of spoken Norwegian and 34 percent of spoken Danish [...] Since the South Slavic language situation is sometimes compared to the Scandinavian one, it should be noted that the mutual intelligibility between the standard varieties spoken in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia is at the highest level, meaning that it is significantly higher than between spoken standard Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. CS1 odr?avanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a ( link )
↑ Casad, Eugene H. 1974. Dialect intelligibility testing . Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, br. 38 ( engleski ). Benjamin F. Elson. Normanma. str. 84. ISBN 0-88312-040-2

Literatura [ uredi | uredi kod ]

Gooskens, Charlotte. 2020. The North Germanic Dialect Continuum. The Cambridge Handbook of Germanic Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. str. 761?782.

Vanjske poveznice [ uredi | uredi kod ]

Ethnologue (14th)

[1] Gooskens 2020., str. 763.

[2] Gooskens 2020., str. 763?764.

[3] Gooskens 2020., str. 762?764.

[4] Kordi?, Snje?ana . 2024. Ideology Against Language . Nomachi, Motoki; Kamusella, Tomasz (ur.). Languages and Nationalism Instead of Empires ( engleski ). Routledge. London. str. 168?169. doi : 10.4324/9781003034025-11 . ISBN 978-0-367-47191-0 . OCLC 1390118985 . ( COBISS.SR ) . ( COBISS.SI ) . Ina?ica izvorne stranice arhivirana 9. o?ujka 2024 . Pristupljeno 9. velja?e 2024. . Research conducted by the Nordic Culture Fund (Nordiska kulturfonden) and the Nordic Council of Ministers (Nordiska ministerradet) from 2002 to 2005 with native speakers of Danish, Norwegian and Swedish under the age of twenty-five showed that Copenhagen’s youth understand only 36 percent of spoken Swedish and 41 percent of spoken Norwegian; Oslo’s youth understand 71 percent of spoken Swedish and 65 percent of spoken Danish; Stockholm’s youth understand 55 percent of spoken Norwegian and 34 percent of spoken Danish [...] Since the South Slavic language situation is sometimes compared to the Scandinavian one, it should be noted that the mutual intelligibility between the standard varieties spoken in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia is at the highest level, meaning that it is significantly higher than between spoken standard Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. CS1 odr?avanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a ( link )

[5] Casad, Eugene H. 1974. Dialect intelligibility testing . Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, br. 38 ( engleski ). Benjamin F. Elson. Normanma. str. 84. ISBN 0-88312-040-2

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