???????

???????
???????
???	???? ????????? ; ???? ????????? ; ?????
????? ?? ??? ??????	?????-????? ????? ; ????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??

??????? ( ????? : ???????) ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ???-????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???

?????? ???? ???, ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ???? ???, ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???

?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ^[1]

???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? (????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????) ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? 1755 ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????, ??? ??????, 16 ????? ?? 90 ????????? (???? ???????) ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??-??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? 18 ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ^[2]

1866 ??, ???? ?????? ???-??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??, ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????; ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??, ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ^[3]

?????? ????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ??

????

?????????

1858 ??, ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? 1858 ?? ???, ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??, ????? ?????????? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? 1900 ?? ???, ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???-????-??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? (????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????) ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ???? ??? ???

??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ????????? ?? ???? VCO ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ^[4]

????? ????????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ????????? ?? ????? ??-?????????? ??? ?? ????????: ??????, ??????? ?? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ^[5]

????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?? ????? ( , ????? : ????? ‎ </link> ; "?????" ?? "??????" ?? ??? ???? ???? ??), ?? ???? ?? ????, ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??, ???? ?? ???? , ????? , ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[6] ??? ???, ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ( ???? ????? ‎ ) ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? "?????" ?? "??????" ??, ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ^[7] ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ^[8]

↑ Creese, Michael. Swords Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757-1947 . ??? xiii. ???????????? 9-781909-982819 .
↑ Creese, Michael. Swords Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757-1947 . ??? 26. ???????????? 9-781909-982819 .
↑ Creese, Michael. Swords Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757-1947 . ??? 28. ???????????? 9-781909-982819 .
↑ coloured illustrations by A.C. Lovett contained in "The Armies of India", Lt. Get Sir George MacMunn, ISBN 0 947554 02 5
↑ B. K. Ahluwalia; Shashi Ahluwalia (1984). Shivaji and Indian Nationalism . Cultural Publishing House. ??? 47.
↑ Wajahat Ijaz (October 22, 2002). "Their way to parliament passed through Nazim's office" . Pakistan Dawn.
↑ Zila Nazims & Naib Zila Nazims in the Province of NWFP - NRB Local Government Elections Archived 2009-05-06 at the ????? ????
↑ "Overview of Town Municipal Administration - City Government of Lahore" . ??? ?? 7 ?????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 19 ?? 2024 .

[1] Creese, Michael. Swords Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757-1947 . ??? xiii. ???????????? 9-781909-982819 .

[2] Creese, Michael. Swords Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757-1947 . ??? 26. ???????????? 9-781909-982819 .

[3] Creese, Michael. Swords Trembling in Their Scabbards. The Changing Status of Indian Officers in the Indian Army 1757-1947 . ??? 28. ???????????? 9-781909-982819 .

[4] ured illustrations by A.C. Lovett contained in "The Armies of India", Lt. Get Sir George MacMunn, ISBN 0 947554 02 5

[5] B. K. Ahluwalia; Shashi Ahluwalia (1984). Shivaji and Indian Nationalism . Cultural Publishing House. ??? 47.

[6] Wajahat Ijaz (October 22, 2002). "Their way to parliament passed through Nazim's office" . Pakistan Dawn.

[7] Zila Nazims & Naib Zila Nazims in the Province of NWFP - NRB Local Government Elections Archived 2009-05-06 at the ????? ????

[8] "Overview of Town Municipal Administration - City Government of Lahore" . ??? ?? 7 ?????? 2008 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 19 ?? 2024 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]