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???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???, ????? ???????? , ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? (?????) ???? 78 ?. ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? [1]

????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???, ?? ???? ???? ?? ?. (78 ?.) ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? [2]

???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? [3]

??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? (200?222 ?.) ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????: 131 ????? ??? 16 ????, 2.2 ?????.

??? 1633 ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? [4]

???????? ??? ???? ?????? [ ????? ???????? ???? ]

????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? [5] ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? , ????????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?. ??. ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? , ?????? , ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ' ???????????? ' ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ' ????? ' ???? ?? ? [6] ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? [7] [8]

????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ' ??? ' ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?? | ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]

???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????????????????? '????' ??????????? ???????? ? [14] [15]

???????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? [16]

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  1. ↑ Rai, Bhai Gulshan Rai (1942). Early History of India . S. Chand & Company. ???? 71?72.
  2. ↑ J. Vasundhara Devi, V. Lakshmikantham, S. Leela (2005). Origin and History of Mathematics . Cambridge Scientific Publishers. ??? 37. We have seen that Saka Kala or Sakanripa Kala is the Cyrus Era which started in 550 B.C. ( 2552 Kali Era ) and was in vogue in Northern India .
  3. ↑ "The dynastic art of the Kushans", John Rosenfield, p130
  4. ↑ M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300, 2nd ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993, pages 5 and 46.
  5. ↑ S. R. Bakshi, Suresh K. Sharma (1995). Encyclopaedia of Kashmir . 1 . Anmol Publications Pvt Limited. ??? 299. The initial year of the Shaka Era should be 550 B.C.
  6. ↑ ???????? ?? ?????? (????? ???) . 3 . ????????: ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????. 1990. ???? 10?13.
  7. ↑ Tiv?r?, R?macandra (1989). K?lid?sa k? tithi-sa??uddhi . ?s?arna Buka Li?karsa. ??? 162. ????????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?. ??. ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???
  8. ↑ Sathe, Shriram (1983). Search for the Year of Bh?rata War . Navabharati Publications. ??? 46. The ?akak?la mentioned by Varahamihira in the stanza beginning with aasan maghasu , is the sakendra kaala of the Persian Emperor Cyrus the Great , which began in 550 B. C.
  9. ↑ ???????? ?? ?????? (????? ???) . 3 . ????????: ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????. 1990. ???? 17?24.
  10. ↑ Indian Eras . Pandit Kota Venkatachelam. 1956. ??? 26.
  11. ↑ Indian Eras . Pandit Kota Venkatachelam. ???? 48?49.
  12. ↑ "Journal of Indian History" . Journal of Indian History (English ???). Department of Modern Indian History. 42 : 917. 1964. ????1 ??????: ??????? ???? ( link )
  13. ↑ The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History . 1 . Richard Bulliet, Pamela Crossley, Daniel Headrick, Steven Hirsch, Lyman Johnson. 2018.
  14. ↑ Dr?vi?a, R?je?vara ??str? (1996). P??c?ttyabh?rat?yar?jan?tyoh? sam?locanam . 1 . Samp?r??nanda sa?skr?ta vi?vavidy?laya. ??? 23.
  15. ↑ ???????? ?? ?????? (????? ???) . 3 . ????????: ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????. 1990. ??? 21.
  16. ↑ "Journal of the Panjab University Historical Society" . Journal of the Panjab University Historical Society . Department of History, University of the Punjab.1932. 1?4 : 129?135. I believe 78 A.D. is not the only Saka Era . There is another Saka Era beginning in 550 B.C.

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