?????

??????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? , ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????

????? ??????? ?.?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? (Ethnic Group) ??? ??? ^[1] ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????: ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???, ^[2] ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ^[2] ^[3]^[4] ^[2]????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??, ????? ??????? ????????? ??, ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??, ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? (??????) ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? (?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??), ???? ?? ?????????????? , ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???

????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?

??? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ?????-????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??, ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ^[5]??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ^[5]^[6]

???????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? , ??????? , ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??, ????? ???? ?? "????? ????," "?????," "????," ?? "?????????." ^[5]^[7]

?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???

?????????? ????? .... ?????-

?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ..... ????

-?????? ?????? ^[8]

????? ?????????? ??????:

??????????? ???? ....????????-

?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? ????? ????

?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? :

???? ??-?? ?? ?-???-??-?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???, ???? ' ??? ????? ??????? ??????? (???? 250 ??? ?????)?

?????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
???????????? ???????? ????? ?????-??????????
?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????
??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??

- ?????????? ?????????

??????? ???????? ??? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ^[10] ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? :

?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ? ?
- ??????-??????????? ??????????????? ????? ? ^[11]

????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????????? ? ? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???
-?????????????????????????

??? ??????????????????????? ????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?
-???? ??????? ????? ^[12]

???????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ?? ? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ??“
-??????:??????????:????? 13-15 ^[13]

??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??:

???????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ? ^[14]

???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? :

??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ? ?? ??????????? ?? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ^[15]^[16]
(?????? ????? : ?????? 21 : ????? 15,16)
??????: ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? (?????) ?? ???????? ??? ? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ???, ????? ?? ?????-????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??, ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ! ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ?? ???? ???????? '?????????' ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ^[17] :

???????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????

???? ????? ????? '???????????' ??? ??????? ?? '?? ????????????? ?????? ?? '?????' ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???, ?? ????? ?????? :

??? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????

?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ^[18]

????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ Raychaudhuri H. (1972). Political History of Ancient India , Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.169-70
↑ ^? ^? ^? Levman, Bryan G. "Cultural Remnants of the Indigenous Peoples in the Buddhist Scriptures" .
↑ Law, B.C. (1973). Tribes in Ancient India , Bhandarkar Oriental Series No.4, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, pp.245-56
↑ Thapar, R.(1978). Ancient Indian Social History , New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 81-250-0808-X , p.117
↑ ^? ^? ^? Sharma 1968 , ??? 182-206.
↑ Trainor, K (2010). "Kapilavastu". ???????? Keown, D; Prebish, CS (?????). Encyclopedia of Buddhism . Milton Park, UK: Routledge. ???? 436?7. ???????????? 978-0-415-55624-8 .
↑ Thapar 2013 , ??? 392-399.
↑ Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (Sanskrit ???). 1925. ???? 174?175. ????1 ??????: ??????? ???? ( link )
↑ Leoshko, Janice (2017). Sacred Traces: British Explorations of Buddhism in South Asia (????????? ???). Routledge. ??? 64. ???????????? 9781351550307 .
↑ Chaturvijay (1938). Bharatvarsh Ka Itihas Part -2 .
↑ Janardan Shastri Pandey (1994). Pandey - Bauddhastotrasa?graha (1994) . ??? 130.
↑ The Vrihat Svayambhu Puranam : containing the traditions of the Svayambhu Kshetra in Nepal . Princeton University. Calcutta, Asiatic society. 1894. ??? 124. ????1 ??????: ???? ( link )
↑ Amarakosha with English Meanings . ??? 2.
↑ Seelakhadha Maha Thera (1916). The Trikan Cesha . ??? 257.
↑ "The Narasimha-Puranam" Sanskrit-English [Dr Siddheswar Jena, Nag Publishers, 1st edition, 1987] . ??? 150-151.
↑ Gita Press, Gorakhpur. Sri Narasimha Purana Of Maharshi Veda Vyasa ( Sachitra, Hindi Trans.,) Gita Press, Gorakhpur . ??? 74.
↑ "Pg.28 : ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? '?????????' ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??- ???????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 10, ???? ????? ?????? '???????????' ??? ??????? ?? '?? ????????????? ?????? ?? '?????' ??? ?? ???-??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???, ?? ????? ??????- "??? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????" Shakya, Dr Agyaram (2018-04-05). Samrat Ashok . Rajmangal Publishers. ??? 28. ???????????? 978-81-936997-8-2 .
↑ Dr. Babasheb Ambedkar. Ambedkar (Hindi), Vol. 7 .

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ??????

[HCR-1] Raychaudhuri H. (1972). Political History of Ancient India , Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.169-70

[:0-2] ? ^? ^? Levman, Bryan G. "Cultural Remnants of the Indigenous Peoples in the Buddhist Scriptures" .

[law-3] Law, B.C. (1973). Tribes in Ancient India , Bhandarkar Oriental Series No.4, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, pp.245-56

[4] Thapar, R.(1978). Ancient Indian Social History , New Delhi: Orient Longman, ISBN 81-250-0808-X , p.117

[FOOTNOTESharma1968182-206-5] ? ^? ^? Sharma 1968 , ??? 182-206.

[EoB2010-6] Trainor, K (2010). "Kapilavastu". ???????? Keown, D; Prebish, CS (?????). Encyclopedia of Buddhism . Milton Park, UK: Routledge. ???? 436?7. ???????????? 978-0-415-55624-8 .

[FOOTNOTEThapar2013392-399-7] Thapar 2013 , ??? 392-399.

[8] Inscriptions of Asoka. New Edition by E. Hultzsch (Sanskrit ???). 1925. ???? 174?175. ????1 ??????: ??????? ???? ( link )

[JL-9] Leoshko, Janice (2017). Sacred Traces: British Explorations of Buddhism in South Asia (????????? ???). Routledge. ??? 64. ???????????? 9781351550307 .

[10] Chaturvijay (1938). Bharatvarsh Ka Itihas Part -2 .

[11] Janardan Shastri Pandey (1994). Pandey - Bauddhastotrasa?graha (1994) . ??? 130.

[12] The Vrihat Svayambhu Puranam : containing the traditions of the Svayambhu Kshetra in Nepal . Princeton University. Calcutta, Asiatic society. 1894. ??? 124. ????1 ??????: ???? ( link )

[13] Amarakosha with English Meanings . ??? 2.

[14] Seelakhadha Maha Thera (1916). The Trikan Cesha . ??? 257.

[15] "The Narasimha-Puranam" Sanskrit-English [Dr Siddheswar Jena, Nag Publishers, 1st edition, 1987] . ??? 150-151.

[16] Gita Press, Gorakhpur. Sri Narasimha Purana Of Maharshi Veda Vyasa ( Sachitra, Hindi Trans.,) Gita Press, Gorakhpur . ??? 74.

[SHAKYA-17] "Pg.28 : ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? '?????????' ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??- ???????? ?????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 10, ???? ????? ?????? '???????????' ??? ??????? ?? '?? ????????????? ?????? ?? '?????' ??? ?? ???-??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???, ?? ????? ??????- "??? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????????????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????" Shakya, Dr Agyaram (2018-04-05). Samrat Ashok . Rajmangal Publishers. ??? 28. ???????????? 978-81-936997-8-2 .

[18] Dr. Babasheb Ambedkar. Ambedkar (Hindi), Vol. 7 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]