?????????

????????? ?? ??????? ( ???? : варяги, ????????? : Varangians ?? Varyags ) ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????????? 9??? ?? 11??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? 12??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????-???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ( Rurik, Рюрик ) ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? 862 ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? 882 ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ( Oleg, Олег ) ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? , ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ " Varangian Archived 2018-06-12 at the ????? ???? ," Online Etymology Dictionary
↑ "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 17 ??????? 2014 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2012 .
↑ "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 11 ????? 2018 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2012 .
↑ "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 12 ??? 2018 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2012 .
↑ Atlas of Russia and the Soviet Union , R. R. Milner-Gulland, Phaidon, Page 36, ISBN 0-7148-2549-2

[Harper-1] " Varangian Archived 2018-06-12 at the ????? ???? ," Online Etymology Dictionary

[2] "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 17 ??????? 2014 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2012 .

[3] "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 11 ????? 2018 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2012 .

[4] "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 12 ??? 2018 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 20 ????? 2012 .

[ref86moqoh-5] Atlas of Russia and the Soviet Union , R. R. Milner-Gulland, Phaidon, Page 36, ISBN 0-7148-2549-2

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]