???? ?? ????? ??? ???????-????? ??????

????? ???????? ?????????? ??
???? ?? ????? ??? ???????-????? ??????
?????? ??????? ?????
????? ???? ???????
?????? 28 ?????
8 ???????????? ??????
???????? ????? : 610,577 ???????  ? 199,812,341 ????? ??????
??????? ????? ?????? : 64,473 ?????????  ? 16,787,941 ????????? ??????? ???????
??????? ????? : 3,702 ????? 2 (1,429 ???? ???) ????  ? 342,239.74 ????? 2 (132,139.50 ???? ???) ????????
???????????? ?????? : 32 ????? 2 (12 ???? ???) ?????????  ? 8,249 ????? 2 (3,185 ???? ???) ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????
????? ????? ????? , ????? ????? (??????? ????? ??????)
????? ????? , ???????

???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? [1] ????? 28 ????? ?? 8 ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? [1]

???? ?? ????? ?? ???????-????? ?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

28 ??????? ?? ???? ???? :

???. ??. ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????
1 ??????????? ??????? ???.??.??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????
2 ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
3 ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????
4 ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????
5 ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????
6 ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????
7 ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????
8 ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
9 ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????
10 ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???
11 ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????
12 ???? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???
13 ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????
14 ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????????
15 ?????? ?????? ??. ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????
16 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???
17 ??????? ?????? ????????? ??.??. ??????? ??????
18 ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??.??.???
19 ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
20 ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??.??. ???? ?????
21 ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????
22 ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
23 ???????? ?????? ??.?? ??????? ????????? ???????
24 ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????
25 ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???
26 ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????
27 ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????
28 ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??. ?????

8 ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? :

???. ??. ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? - ????????
1 ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? NA ??.??. ????
2 ??????? ??????? NA ??.??. ???? ?????
3 ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? NA ?????? ????
4 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????
5 ?????? NA NA ???? ????? ?????
6 ????????? ??????? NA ????? ???
7 ????? ?? ?????? NA NA ???? ??????
8 ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????
????? ?? ???????-????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? (2011) [2] ?????????
(???? 2 ) 		??????? [3] ????????
??????? [3]
??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-AN AN ????? ?????? 1 ?????? 1956 3,80,581 8,249 ?????? , ????????? ?
??????? ?????? ????? IN-AR AR ?????? 20 ?????? 1987 13,83,727 83,743 ????????? ?
??? ????? IN-AS AS ?????? ???????? 26 ????? 1950 3,12,05,576 78,550 ?????? ?
?????? ?????? ????? IN-AP AP ???????? ( ?????? )
??????? ( ?????? ) [4] [5] 		?????????? 1 ??????? 1953 4,93,86,799 1,60,205 ?????? ?
????? ?????? ????? IN-UP UP ???? ?????? 24 ????? 1950 19,98,12,341 2,43,286 ?????? ?????
?????????? ????? IN-UT UK ???????? 9 ?????? 2000 1,00,86,292 53,483 ?????? ??????? [6]
????? ????? IN-OR OD ????????? 26 ????? 1950 4,19,74,218 1,55,820 ?????? ?
??????? ????? IN-KA KA ???????? 1 ?????? 1956 6,10,95,297 1,91,791 ?????? ?
???? ????? IN-KL KL ????????????? 1 ?????? 1956 3,34,06,061 38,863 ?????? ?
?????? ????? IN-GJ GJ ???????? ???????? 1 ?? 1960 6,04,39,692 1,96,024 ??????? ?
???? ????? IN-GA GA ???? ?????? ? ???? 30 ?? 1987 14,58,545 3,702 ?????? ?????
???????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-CH CH ???????? [a] 1 ?????? 1966 10,55,450 114 ????????? ?
????????? ????? IN-CT CG ??? ?????? ?????? 1 ?????? 2000 2,55,45,198 1,35,194 ?????? ?
????? ?? ?????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-JK JK ??????? (????????????) ????? (????????) 31 ??????? 2019 1,25,48,926 Note 3 ????? , ?????
??????? ????? IN-JH JH ????? ???????? 15 ?????? 2000 3,29,88,134 74,677 ?????? ?????? , ?? , ?????? , ????? , ??????? , ??????? , ??????? , ??????? , ?????? , ?????????? , ?????? , ?????
???? ???? ????? IN-TN TN ?????? 26 ????? 1950 7,21,47,030 1,30,058 ???? ?????????
???????? ????? IN-TG TS ???????? 2 ??? 2014 3,51,93,978 [7] 1,14,840 [7] ?????? , ????? [8] ?
??? ?? ??? ???????-????? ?????? IN-DD DD ??? 30 ?? 1987 2,43,247 112 ?????? , ??????? , ?????? , ????????? [b] ?
????? ?? ??? ????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-DN DN ?????? 11 ????? 1961 3,43,709 491 ?????? , ??????? ?????
????????? ????? IN-NL NL ?????? ??????? 1 ??????? 1963 19,78,502 16,579 ????????? ?
????? ????? IN-PB PB ???????? ???????? 1 ?????? 1966 2,77,43,338 50,362 ?????? ?
?????? ????? ????? IN-WB WB ??????? 26 ????? 1950 9,12,76,115 88,752 ?????? [c] ?????? , ????? , ?????? , ?????? , ??????
?????????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-PY PY ?????????? 1 ?????? 1956 12,47,953 492 ???? , ????????? ?????? , ??????
????? ????? IN-BR BR ???? 26 ????? 1950 10,40,99,452 99,200 ?????? ?????
?????? ????? IN-MN MN ?????? 21 ????? 1972 28,55,794 22,347 ??????? ?????????
???? ?????? ????? IN-MP MP ????? ?????? 1 ?????? 1956 7,26,26,809 3,08,252 ?????? ?
?????????? ????? IN-MH MH ?????? 1 ?? 1960 11,23,74,333 3,07,713 ????? ?
??????? ????? IN-MZ MZ ?????? 20 ?????? 1987 10,97,206 21,081 ????????? , ?????? , ????? ?
?????? ????? IN-ML ML ?????? 21 ????? 1972 29,66,889 22,720 ????????? ???? [d]
???????? ????? IN-RJ RJ ????? 1 ?????? 1956 6,85,48,437 3,42,239 ?????? ?????????
????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-DL DL ?? ?????? ?????? [e] 1 ?????? 1966 19,67,87,941 1,490 ?????? ?????? , ????? [9]
?????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-LH LH ??? 31 ??????? 2019 2,90,492 59,146 Note 4 ??????? ?
????????? ???????-????? ?????? IN-LD LD ??????? 1 ?????? 1956 64,473 32 ????????? ??????
??????? ????? IN-SK SK ??????? 16 ?? 1975 6,10,577 7,096 ????????? ?????? , ????? , ????? , ????? , ??? , ?????? , ????????? , ??? , ?????? , ?????
??????? ????? IN-HR HR ???????? ???????? 1 ?????? 1966 2,53,51,462 44,212 ?????? ?????? [10] [11]
?????? ?????? ????? IN-HP HP ????? 25 ????? 1971 68,64,602 55,673 ?????? ???????
???????? ????? IN-TR TR ?????? 21 ????? 1972 36,73,917 10,492 ?????? , ????? , ????????? ?

^Note 3 Jammu and Kashmir has 42,241 km 2 of area administered by India and 78,114 km 2 of area controlled by Pakistan under Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan , which is claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir. Additionally, it has 5,180 km 2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Trans-Karakoram Tract , which is also claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir.

^Note 4 Ladakh has 59,146 km 2 of area administered by India and 37,555 km 2 of area controlled by the People's Republic of China under Aksai Chin , which is claimed by India as part of Ladakh.

???? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

????? ?????? ??
???? ?? ????? ?? ????????????
???????? ??????? ???

???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???-??? ???????-??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???, ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???, ??????? ????, ????????? ?? ???????? , ??? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ??? ??????? ???, ????? (????????) ???, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????

??????????? ?? ???, ???????, ???? ??? ???????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????

???? ?? ??? [ ??????? ???? ]

???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? , ????? , ??? ?????, ??? , ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????

???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?? , ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? (????) ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ( ? ????? , ????) ??? ?? ????????? ( ? ????? , ????) ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ( ?? ????? ????) ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? (?? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???) ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

  1. ↑ ? ? "States and union territories" (HTML) . ??? ?? 27 ????? 2011 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 2007-09-07 .
  2. ↑ "List of states with Population, Sex Ratio and Literacy Census 2011" . ??? ?? 14 ?????? 2014 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 3 ????? 2017 .
  3. ↑ ? ? "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF) . Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. ??? (PDF) ?? 8 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 12 ????? 2017 .
  4. ↑ "After 2200 Years, Amaravati Gets Back Power!" . Gulte . 7 ????? 2017. ??? ?? 2 ????? 2019 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 1 ????? 2019 .
  5. ↑ "???????? ?????" . ??? ?? 3 ????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 23 ?????? 2014 .
  6. ↑ "Sanskrit: Reviving the language in today’s India ? Livemint" . ??? ?? 18 ??? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 3 ????? 2017 .
  7. ↑ ? ? "Telangana State Profile" (PDF) . Telangana government portal. ??? 34. ??? ?? 14 ?????? 2015 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 11 June 2014 .
  8. ↑ "Urdu Gets First Language Status" . ??? ?? 22 ??????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 3 ????? 2017 .
  9. ↑ "Official Language Act 2000" (PDF) . Government of Delhi. 2 July 2003. ??? (PDF) ?? 4 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 17 July 2015 .
  10. ↑ "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi" . Hindustan Times . 28 January 2010. ??? ?? 3 ?????? 2015 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 3 ????? 2017 .
  11. ↑ "Punjabi gets second language status in Haryana" . Zee news . 28 January 2010. ??? ?? 12 ????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 3 ????? 2017 .

????? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]



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