????-?????? ?????

????-?????? ????? , ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 1948 ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??, ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??, ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? , ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ^[1]^[2] ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? 2015 ??, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? 6.26 ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ^[3]

?????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? (???? ??? ?????) ?? ???? ?? ???? ^[4] ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????-?????? ???? 1481-82 ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? 19 ??? ?? 20 ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ???????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? 9,000 ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? 1912 ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??. ?? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? 1920 ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ^[5]

5 ????? 1947 ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???, ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ?? ?????? ???, ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, ?? ??????, ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????-????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ^[6] ????? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ?? 20 ???? ?? ????? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? 2012 ??? ?????????? ??????? 7.5 ?????? ??????? ???? ??, ?? ?????? 2015 ?? 15 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??, ?????? ?? 2011 ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? , ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? " ????? ?? ????? " ????????? ??????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? 2014 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???, ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ^[7]

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ "Can the Rise of 'New' Turkey Lead to a 'New' Era in India-Turkey Relations?" (PDF) . Idsa.in . ??? (PDF) ?? 25 ????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .
↑ "India-Turkey Relations : Executive Summary" (PDF) . Mea.gov.in . ??? (PDF) ?? 3 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .
↑ "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs" . Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs . ??? ?? 19 ??????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .
↑ Shyam Chaurasia, Radhey. History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D . Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 2002. ???????????? 9788126900275 .
↑ "India-Turkey Relations" (PDF) . Mea.gov.in . ??? (PDF) ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .
↑ "Turkey and India cement cooperation with new agreements" . Trend . 8 October 2013. ??? ?? 27 ?????? 2013 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 19 July 2015 .
↑ "India and Turkey: Friends Again?" . Thediplomat.com . ??? ?? 19 ??????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .

????? ??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

[idsa.in-1] "Can the Rise of 'New' Turkey Lead to a 'New' Era in India-Turkey Relations?" (PDF) . Idsa.in . ??? (PDF) ?? 25 ????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .

[mea.gov.in-2] "India-Turkey Relations : Executive Summary" (PDF) . Mea.gov.in . ??? (PDF) ?? 3 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .

[3] "From Rep. of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs" . Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs . ??? ?? 19 ??????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .

[Radhey-4] Shyam Chaurasia, Radhey. History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D . Atlantic Publishers & Dist, 2002. ???????????? 9788126900275 .

[ReferenceA-5] "India-Turkey Relations" (PDF) . Mea.gov.in . ??? (PDF) ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .

[6] "Turkey and India cement cooperation with new agreements" . Trend . 8 October 2013. ??? ?? 27 ?????? 2013 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 19 July 2015 .

[7] "India and Turkey: Friends Again?" . Thediplomat.com . ??? ?? 19 ??????? 2017 ?? ????????? . ?????? ???? 18 October 2017 .

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