???? ?????-????? ?????
(1775-1782) ???? ???
??????? ???? ?????? ?????
??
????? ?????????
?? ??? ???? ??? ???
?????-????? ???????
??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????
1772 ???
??????? ?????
?? ??? ?? ???, ???? ???
?????????
????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? (10 ????? 1755 - 30 ????? 1773), 1772 ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???, ?? ????? 1773 ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ???? ??
'????' ???????
??? (???? ?? ???? ?? "?? ?????") ???? ??? ???
???? ??????
?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????
????????????
?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????
?????????
, ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ????????
?????????
??
??????
??? ??? ????? ?? 6 ????? 1775 ??
???? ?? ????
?? ????????? ????
[8]
???? ?? ??????, ????????? ??
???????
??
?????
?? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??
????
??
????
????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???, ????????? ?? ????????? ?? 2,500 ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??, ?? ????? ?????? ??
????
??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??
??????? ?? ????
[8]
(1 ????? 1776) ?? ????? ?? ??, ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???, ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? 1777 ???, ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????
[8]
?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? (1775-1776)
[
??????? ????
]
????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? 15 ????? 1775 ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???, ?? 18 ??, 1775 ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
[9]
?????? ?? ???????, ????????? ?? ??????? ????, ?? ?? 96 ???? ???
???? (??????) ?? ?????
??? 150 ?????? ?? ??? ????
[10]
????? ??????????
?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??
???? ?? ????
?? ????? ??, ?? ????? ?????? ??
????
??? ??, ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? 1 ????? 1776 ??
??????? ?? ????
?? ????????? ??? ???
??????? ?? ???? (1 ????? 1776) ??
???? ?? ????
?? ???????? ?? ????, ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???, ?????
???????
??
????
????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????
[8]
1776 ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???
??????? ?????
?? ?????? ??
??????
?? ??????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????, ???? 4 ????? 1779 ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? 16 ????? 1779 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????
[11]
?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???, ????? (??? ??? ????) ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????
?????? ????
,
????? ??????????
?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??, ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
??????? ?? 6,000 ??????? ?? ???
???? ????
?? ???? ???? ?? 15 ????? 1779 ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? 6,000 ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? 2,000 ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???, ? ??????? ???? 108 ??? ????? ????
[12]
[13]
[14]
??????? ?? 11 ??????, 1780 ??
???
?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???
????????
?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??
?????? ???????
????? ?? ?????? ?? ????, 4 ?????, 1780 ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??
?????? ?????
?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????
[15]
?????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ???, ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? 1781 ??? ?????? - ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
???? ???? ???,
??????
?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???
?????
??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????
[16]
????? 1781 ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????,
[17]
????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????, ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???????, ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????
[18]
???? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????
?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??
??????
[19]
??? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ??, ??? ??? ??? 24 ?????, 1781 ?? ??????? ?? ?????
[20]
?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????
???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, 1781 ??? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???,
?????? ?????
?????? ?? ??? ???????, ???????? 1 ????? 1781 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
17 ?? 1782 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ??, ????
?????? ?? ????
[8]
?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? 1782 ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? 1783 ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????-????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
[21]
(??????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? 32 ???? ??????-????? ??? ????? ??)
???????? ???????? ???
[
??????? ????
]
2013 ?? ?? ??????? ?????
? ?????
, ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???
[22]
- ↑
Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania: M to Z
Archived
2017-12-01 at the
????? ????
, Barbara A. West, 509
- ↑
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
M. R., Kantak.
"The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774-1783: A Military Study of Major Battles"
.
google books
. ??? ?? 29 ????? 2018 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 11 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
Thorpe, Edgar; Thorpe, Showick.
Concise General Knowledge Manual
. Pearson Education India. ??? 49.
????????????
978-81-317-5512-9
. ??? ?? 31 ?????? 2013 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
3 November
2012
.
- ↑
"Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania: M to Z"
. ??? ?? 1 ?????? 2017 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 11 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
"Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania: M to Z"
. ??? ?? 1 ?????? 2017 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 11 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
"Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania: M to Z"
. ??? ?? 1 ?????? 2017 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 11 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
"Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania: M to Z"
. ??? ?? 1 ?????? 2017 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 11 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
?
?
?
?
?
???????? ????? ??????
. ????? ???????. ??? ???.
????????????
978-93-5013-140-4
. ??? ?? 13 ????? 2018 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 13 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
The Great Maratha by N.G.Rahod p.11
- ↑
Naravane, M.S. (2014).
Battles of the Honorourable East India Company
. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. ???? 53?56.
????????????
9788131300343
.
- ↑
Naravane, M.S. (2014).
Battles of the Honorourable East India Company
. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. ???? 56?58.
????????????
9788131300343
.
- ↑
"Bhadra Fort to turn into heritage hangout!"
.
? ?????? ??? ???????
. Ahmedabad. TNN. June 12, 2009.
???
?? 16 ?????? 2013 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
January 17,
2013
.
- ↑
Duff, James Grant (1826) [Oxford University].
A History of the Mahrattas
.
2
. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.
- ↑
Beveridge, Henry (1862) [New York Public Library].
A comprehensive history of India, civil, military and social
. Blackie. ???? 456?466.
- ↑
Camac (not to be confused with Carnac!) received his promotion to Lieutenant-Colonel while on this mission
- ↑
The Great Maratha by N.G.Rathod p.20
- ↑
Duff, James Grant
A History of the Mahrattas
Archived
2016-05-21 at the
????? ????
London, Longman (1826), via Google Books, accessed 2008-01-27
- ↑
Mill, James
option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=843&chapter=79955&layout=html&Itemid=27 The History of British India, vol. 4, chapter 6
Archived
2018-08-12 at the
????? ????
, London, Baldwin (1826), via oll.libertyfund.org, accessed 2008-01-27
- ↑
Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj by M.S.Naravane p.62
- ↑
Dictionary of Battles and Sieges by Tony Jaques p.320
- ↑
Naravane, M.S. (2014).
Battles of the Honorourable East India Company
. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. ??? 63.
????????????
9788131300343
.
- ↑
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Atul-Kulkarni-Milind-Gunaji-Roland-Joffe-Singularity-The-Lovers-Bipasha-Basu-Abhay-Deol-Ajay-Zankar-Aishwarya-Rai-Vivek-Oberoi/articleshow/34926960.cms
Archived
2018-08-27 at the
????? ????
?
- ???, ????????.
India & Southeast Asia to 1800
(2006)
"Marathas and the English Company 1701-1818" online
. Retrieved Oct. 1, 2004.
- ??????, ????????.
Marathas, marauders, and state formation in eighteenth-century India
(????????? ?????????? ?????, 1994).
- ??????, ????????. "The Marathas," in
New Cambridge History of India,
II.4, (????????? ?? ?????, 1993).
- ????, ???????. "The Maratha State: Some Preliminary Considerations."
Indian Historical Review
41.1 (2014): 35-46.
online