????? ???
????	????? ?????? ????? ??? 7 ??????? 1885 ???????? , ????????
??????	18 ?????? 1962 ( 1962-11-18 ) (???? 77) ???????? , ????????
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??????	???????? ?????????????
??????? ???????	Christian Christiansen
???? ?????? ???????	?? ?? ????? ???????? ????????
??????? ?????	Hendrik Anthony Kramers
?????????	Copenhagen interpretation Complementarity Bohr model Sommerfeld?Bohr theory BKS theory Bohr-Einstein debates Bohr magneton
??????	???????? ????????
????????	Werner Heisenberg Wolfgang Pauli Paul Dirac Lise Meitner Max Delbruck and many others
????????? ??????	?????? ??? ????? ???????? (1922) Franklin Medal (1929)
??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???

????? ?????? ????? ??? (1885-1962) ???????? ?? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ?????? 1922 ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ???

?? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???

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