??????????? ?????

??????????? ????? (volcanic island) ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? (????????????) ?? ????? (????) ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ???-??? ???? ????? (high islands) ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???-??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????-?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ^[1]

?????? ?? ????? [ ??????? ???? ]

??????????

??????? [ ??????? ???? ]

↑ Raymond E. Murphy: "'High' and 'Low' Islands in the Eastern Carolines" , Geographical Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, Jul., 1949. Retrieved 2011-09-22.

[1] Raymond E. Murphy: "'High' and 'Low' Islands in the Eastern Carolines" , Geographical Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, Jul., 1949. Retrieved 2011-09-22.

[1]